Procedure to transform inorganic materials, nfu, crude oil into hydrocarbons and/or clean renewable

专利摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for transforming inorganic materials, plastics, rubbers, nfu, used oils, crude oil and/or derivatives of petrochemical products into light hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, etc. And/or clean renewable energies through a thermolysis system. In short, a procedure to recycle in a technologically, environmentally and totally ecological way, to make viable the revaluation of energy, environmental, economic and materially of a raw material that comprises carbon, products and/or highly polluting derivatives in its elemental composition and/or fundamental. This procedure comprises: (a) a thermolysis reaction step inside a thermolysis reactor comprising a solid and/or hollow worm conveyor, where said worm conveyor moves the raw material fed to the thermolysis reactor along the same, at the same time that the raw material is devolatilized and/or chemically reacted, giving rise to a carbonaceous solid fraction corresponding to the converted raw material and to a gaseous fraction. (b) the addition to the thermolysis reactor of a gas stream that reduces the partial pressure of o2 inside the thermolysis reactor, preventing oxidation and/or partial combustión of the components of the gas fraction. (c) the extraction of the gaseous fraction as it is generated, through an expansion chamber located in the thermolysis reactor. (d) condensation and/or reforming or combustión of said gas fraction. (e) the cooling and collection of the raw material converted through a worm screw solids cooler. Another object of the invention is an installation for carrying out said method. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2543366A1
申请号:ES201430201
申请日:2014-02-15
公开日:2015-08-18
发明作者:Laura CAÑADA SIERRA
申请人:TechnoKontrol Global Cat SL；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Procedure to transform inorganic materials, N FU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies through a thermosis system.
Object of the invention
The present invention relates to a process for transferring inorganic materials, plastics, rubber, NFU, used oils, crude oil and / or derivatives of petrochemical products in light hydrocarbons such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, etc. and / or renewable energy cleaned by a polymer remolysis system.
In short, a procedure to recycle fonna technologically, environmentally and totally ecologically, to make viable the revaluation of both energy, environmental, economic and material resources of a raw material comprising carbon, products and / or derivatives that are highly polluting in their elementary composition i / fundamental. This procedure includes:
(to) a thermolysis reaction stage inside a thermolysis reactor comprising a solid and / or hollow screw conveyor, where said screw conveyor displaces the raw material fed to the thermolysis reactor along it, to the Once the raw material is devolatilized and / or reacts chemically, resulting in a solid carbonaceous fraction corresponding to the converted raw material and a gaseous fraction.
(b) the addition to the thermolysis reactor of a gas stream that reduces the partial pressure of 02 inside the thermolysis reactor, avoiding oxidation and / or partial combustion of the components of the gas fraction.
(C) the extraction of the gas fraction as it is generated, through an expansion chamber located in the tennolysis reactor.
(d) the condensation and / or the reforming or combustion of said gaseous fraction.
(and) the cooling and collection of the raw material converted through a screw auger solids cooler. An installation for carrying out said process is also the object of the invention.
With the invention we also ensure that internally generated gases are not limited to a single process or a "closed combustion cycle" system without the expulsion of contaminating and / or non-polluting gases of any kind into the atmosphere indirectly and / or directly. Being totally ecological and viable with the directives and environmental regulations of the most demanding possible. Creating light hydrocarbons with levels of sulphides, sulfates, chemical pollutants below those recommended for environmental protection, until they become completely void, also using another applicant's patent called a system / process of "filtration. Cancellation, recycling of gases, vapors, fumes "that with the combination, use, application of alloys and processes with technological synergies. Achieving present and future objectives moving from polluting inorganic waste to alternative derivatives such as light hydrocarbons with low levels of polluting properties at even completely non-polluting levels at any present and / or future level with the combination of technologies of this type.
In the case of tires, rubber, (NFU) we get that the only leftovers are the wires, metals of said rubber, rubber (NFU) and the carbon dust that can be easily extracted from said plant manually and / or by a collection system, even mechanical and / or portable aspiration which ensures that in no case the excess materials such as wire and carbon dust after its transformation are equal and / or worse than those initially introduced environmentally, having certainty that some systems known but not usable and / or viable create by their incorrect technology and technological ignorance in the matter, fats, inorganic materials, compositions and mixtures even more harmful than those desired to recycle and originally introduced with a description, shape, touch, visual image , with chemical compounds and typology such as those known as "chapapoteslalquitranes / highly contaminating fats, pastes", these materials Highly pollutants are created and improperly transformed by their technological deficiency and causing more environmental damage than the solution which is being proposed in this invention and which are prohibited from being applied and used in EEC countries without environmental monitoring and controls. very restrictive in the case of being able to be used as in the case of tar as an example.
The invention also incorporates what we call "alloy body" if technically required in sections, parts and / or sectors of the process, such as chimneys, exhaust systems, emergency leaks, ovens or high temperature pressure groups , depending on the application, design or final operation. By which coupled, mounted or introduced to the outputs of hUlllos, catalyzed, chimneys, leaks, ... in any of its formats as network, mesh, spheres or panels of any type and shape, reduce, stop, drag, filter, suppress, cool, act as a suppressor, heatsink and even of the thermal caloric waves in any type of contaminating and non-contaminating particle that goes and / or has the possibility of having an atmospheric exit directly, indirectly, and / or emergency the atmosphere and / or the environment in any form even liquid.
This part of the invention of the "alloy body" is also applicable in the sectors of manufacturing, design, installation in places, industrial sectors, producers, operators of the world production industry and / or including the sectors of creation, transfonation , logistics, storage, distributors of such types of energy, especially of fossil origin, pollutant for filtration, recycling, of all types of pollutant emissions from said production and trans-energy production plants.
The places of use of this technology and process are in places such as chimneys, smoke vents, catalysts, leaks, atmosphere filters, flows of any type, flow currents of any type and physical and / or chemical form including filtration, suspension, drag, stop of any type of suspended, fixed, drag particles, tablets of industrial, natural origin and / or with contaminating and / or non-contaminating particles such as CO2, CO, S02, S03. N0 20 3. and others of equal and / or lesser value benign and / or malignant factor for human beings, the environment and the world economy.
This use of the "alloy bodies" also serves for dispersion, suppression, reduction, dissipation, cancellation, rebound, drag, filtration, entrapment, recycling of all types of liquids, flows, atmospheres, gases, vapors, fumes and even waves, such as thermal, fire, kinetic, expansive, acoustic, explosive, electric, electromagnetic for use in the protection and prevention of emissions of all types to the environment.
Technical sectorThe present invention relates to a process for transfonting inorganic materials,NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies through a system ofpolymer thermolysis.
A fully technological and efficient environmental procedure, applied to a polymer thermolysis system of materials with inorganic properties, plastics, rubber, NFU, oils, crude, transforming into hydrocarbons and / or renewable, ecological and / or recycled materials ".
During the process, if required, the use of a technology and processes referred to as the use of "alloy bodies" can be incorporated for application in the filtration, cooling, retention, cancellation, suppression, particle dissipation process. incorporating high speed dispersion wave inhibitor sheets, flammable fluid vapors, whose purpose is to configure sheets of perforated material, which is provided by at least one arc of a plurality of polygonal openings, and at least one of those Polygonal openings are irregular with respect to at least one contiguous polygonal opening and have a surface area per unit volume of about 3200 times the contact surface of the flammable fluids that are in a container container and have a capacity Heat conduction of at least about 0.021 Cal / cmser.
It should be noted that preferably the use of the "alloy body", is the peripheral internal length of one of the openings is different from the peripheral internal length of at least one of the adjacent openings, and in addition, the invention has preferably a compression field not exceeding 8%. These act as a suppressor, reducer, filter, protector of all types of vaporization of energy components, volatile hydrocarbons, liquids, gases, emissions of any kind or type pollutants and non-pollutants including waves of any type or shape, especially the electromagnetic Therefore with them, emissions of CO2, CO, S02, S03 can be avoided. N02Ü3. etc., which currently have a great impact on the so-called greenhouse effect.
The productive sectors in which the following invention can be applied are framed in the environmental industries, transformation of polluting materials to ecological combustion matters, that of the hydrocarbon sectors, petrochemical sectors and alternative and / or ecological energy production. Among them, companies that work in the recycling of rubber, rubber, oils, crudes, consumer plastics such as plastic bags, wrappers, industrial plastic materials and in the production of alternative energy such as the creation of light hydrocarbons, electricity generation and / or thermal source renewable and non-polluting.
BACKGROUND TEETH State of the art prior to the request
At present and as a reference to the state of the art, the petitioner is unaware of the existence of any other invention technically and / or operationally viable, so we present it as a utility model for its great technological innovation, safety, environmental real operability and already technically proven.
The current processes that can be used in the market are:
The reuse of tires through retreading for using the potential that the worn tire still has left. Recycling, as use of the materials, by procedures that nullify the elastic characteristics of rubber waste, again providing them with plastic properties such as non-vulcanized rubber. Taking advantage of it for the regeneration, to re-manufacture tires, for its crushing for its application as rubber dust, in drainage in sports fields, sports courts, cladding plates, floor mats .. or its use in public works to make pavements.
But not used by any for the creation of light hydrocarbons and recycling of materials of various and / or any quality, and in turn provide for and protect environmental prevention, by the cancellation of the pollutant level by retention, cancellation, particle suppression pollutants
Facts that make us the only ones to carry out the process that is not being carried out in the current market.
In recent years, environmental regulations have been increasingly restrictive with regard to the dumping and processing of non-biodegradable waste materials. The regulations have led to the current reprocessing and recycling of waste materials, such as plastics, paper, rubber and other potentially combustible materials, to obtain new reusable and valuable materials and products instead of being destined for landfills. and / or simply burn said waste materials, in some cases even without energy recovery.
Among the non-biodegra.dables, inorganic solid wastes are the out-of-use tires or NFU. Which, once their useful life is over, the out-of-use tires (NFU) become waste. The massive use of tires has generated a serious problem: the disposition of the NfU once its useful life has been exhausted. Millions of car tires, trucks and all types of vehicles are discarded every year in the Inundo. NFUs are a global problem, a consequence of economic development, which implies a constant increase in the mobile fleet, in addition to those already historically discarded. After the life of the tire, a few are able to be reused, others are recycled, but the rest, until today, ended up in landfills or illegal dumping or in unoccupied sites. The tires are practically indestructible due to the passage of time as they are specially designed to withstand harsh mechanical and weather conditions. That is why it is necessary to raise awareness of the magnitude of the environmental problem caused by the NFU and try to find a realistic solution for both its management and its elimination, in order to provide a global solution to the double problem of the Environmental Impact of the waste and waste of raw materials and natural resources caused by their generation and accumulation.
The legislation regarding the management of used tires is currently fully developed and in force at European level, being specifically regulated since 1999 and in Spain in 2005 and being continuously renewed with the EEC directives.
Energy recovery, despite being the last option in the order of hierarchy according to regulations, currently plays a very important role to achieve the goal of "zero discharge" of NFU. The main technologies of valorization are thermolysis, refinancing and combustion, but, according to this directive, regardless of the process used, incineration processes are considered interchangeably. Therefore, any NFU thermal recovery process must comply with the strict restrictions in terms of emissions, established in Directive 2000176 / EC and later even those of subsequent years and for the fulfillment of the Kyoto international agreements for example .
At the state level, each Member State of the European Union developed its own legislation based on these Directives. In Spain, the legislation prohibits the dumping of used tires cut from July 2006. In addition, the National Plan for Out of Use Tires (PNNFU) 200 1-2006 was approved to ensure proper management of this waste. In 2008, the 11 National Plan for Out of Use Tires 2008-2015 (11 PNFU) was drafted as a revision of PNNFU 2001-2006, where new ecological objectives are established for the management of out-of-use tires. In accordance with European regulations, the management proposed by the JN PNNFU can follow three possible routes, in order of priority: Reuse of NFU, recycled through NFU treatments to obtain raw materials used in other industrial production processes and valuation of tires outside of liSO for power generation. These objectives meant a great change in the management of NFU taking into account that, according to official data, in 2000 75% of the approximately 300,000 tons / year generated was still destined for landfill. Currently, the management of the NFUs that are generated throughout the national territory currently corresponds to two Integrated Management Systems (GIS): SIGNUS Ecovalor (constituted by the five main tire producers (Bridgestone, Continental, Gooyear-Dunlop, Michelín and Pirelli ) and Treatment of Used Tires (TNU), with approximately 60 companies attached.
Given this situation, producers, manufacturers, researchers, recycling companies and others, are conducting studies and research on the characteristics and potential uses of rubber and products from the NFU, as well as the possible environmental impact of these treatments, in order to achieve the objectives set in the II-PNNFU: "zero discharge", 20% reuse, 50% recycling and 30% energy recovery by weight.
Among the various thermochemical processes applicable to the use of NFU, pyrolysis and / or thermolysis stand out. It is a thermochemical process that involves the thermal degradation of a material under an inert atmosphere. Traditionally, this process has been used to obtain liquids from coal, biomass and / or waste. If this process is applied to materials such as the NFU, its decomposition and transfonation takes place giving rise to two currents, one gas and one solid, which can potentially have commercial value:
1) Solid carbonaceous fraction also called pyrolytic carbon black: organic matter not transfonnada in liquid and gaseous products, next to which are the inorganic components that are added to the tire, mainly silicon and zinc oxides.
2) Gaseous fraction: mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon oxides (carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide), light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane, isobutane, butadiene, etc.), hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons of greater molecular weight such as the BTX fraction, other substituted aromatic compounds, naphthenic-type compounds such as ellimonene OR even linear hydrocarbons.
Numerous authors have studied the influence of the different operation variables
(temperature, heating ramp, residence time, pressure, type of tire, ...) on the products obtained after tennolysis. Despite the wide variety of existing tires, it seems that there is no dependence between quantitative performances and the type of tire used.
The laboratory-scale tire thermolysis has been carried out in a wide variety of experimental reactors, such as thermobalances to determine the reaction kinetics, autoclaves, fluidized bed, vacuum thermolysis and mainly the work carried out in a fixed bed. These works reflect the influence of the experimental installation used on the yields obtained.
We have been able to find that there is a patent, such as US5728361, which discloses a procedure for obtaining carbon black from elastomeric substances as out-of-use means by thermolysis and refining. It is a continuous process that can be carried out in a vacuum or at high pressures. However, this process has as disadvantages that the heat transfer in the thermolysis reactor is carried out only through the reactor wall, which hinders the scalability of the process, since the larger the reactor, the smaller the area in proportion of heat transfer; the channels for evacuating the devolatilized material are not the most suitable since they are much smaller than the reactor volume, also generating pressure losses in the system; and finally the reactor is mechanically complex as it is a system with a rotating cylinder in such a way that the entire system has to be in motion while ensuring tightness.
Patent ES2160258 describing a process for producing thermal energy from solid carbonaceous fuels comprising the processes of thermolysis and continuous reforming by feeding the material in batches by the action of a hammer in a plurality of tubes of the thermolysis reactor arranged horizontally being discharged solid waste in a vertical reactor where the reforming is carried out. This invention is directed to a batch solid feed system, which represents a disadvantage compared to other processes that treat the material continuously. In addition, heat transmission is carried out only through the reactor wall and no volatile evacuation system is described that prevents thermal degradation of the initially devolatilized material.
US4123332 which discloses an energy revaluation process from solids
Carbonizable (such as tires, for example) by a thermolysis process in a mobile bed reactor with rotating blades. The final products are revalued and include solid fractions (residues containing carbon), liquids (hydrocarbons) and soda (fuels). The mobile bed reactor with rotating blades described in this invention has as disadvantages that by this design there is the possibility that the material can stagnate in its movement towards the reactor outlet resulting in a distribution of residence times of the material inside of it and therefore to an undesirable range of conversions. In addition, as in the previous patents, heat transmission is carried out only through the reactor wall and no way to evacuate devolatilized material is described as it is generated.
Patent W02004072207 discloses a thermolysis system followed by reforming to obtain synthesis gas from waste products. The thermolysis temperatures are around 500 ° C and the reforming temperatures around 1000 ° C. The main disadvantage of this process is that it requires an extra supply of energy in the reforming stage. In this case with the application of the utility model of the applicant U201330074 and the patent, P20 1330057 could solve this aspect by solving this technical aspect by the use of alloys, metallurgical combinations that exceed the protection, operation and redeeming greater than 12000 -1600 ° C.
Patent W02005108525 describes an out-of-use tire thermolysis process for obtaining liquids and carbon black. It uses a mobile bed reactor consisting of a metal transpolladora tape, which is located inside an externally heated oven. Devolatilized products are transported to a condensation system where liquid fuels are recovered. On the other hand, the gases are burned to recover energy from them, which can be used to carry out the thermolysis process. The main disadvantages of this technology lie in the technical / mechanical complexity of the reactor since the design proposes a large number of rotating shafts that cross the reactor housing making it necessary to install numerous sealing and sealing systems. In addition, through this design there is little area available for heat transfer from the outside to the reactants, which greatly hinders their scalability. As regards the novel aspects of this work, a process has not been found in literature that combines: thermolysis in an auger-type thyme reactor (auger) like the one described in this invention with a combustion or reforming unit connected both in line . I also don't know
has found in the literature UL1 thermolysis reactor with the unique characteristic of having a
chamber along the reactor to evacuate the devolatilized material and thus prevent its premature degradation as proposed in this invention.
Another unique feature of this present invention / patent called "Technologies and thermolysis process", is that none of the aforementioned patents describes a process of cleaning, retention, capture, recycling of materials of especially polluting values C0110 the sulfur present in the waste material in order to comply with the legislation regarding emissions from this contaminating contaminant, as described in the present invention or to improve the characteristics of the products obtained at least as far as its elementary analysis is concerned.
Neither in any of the foregoing patents is the portability, mobility, immediate operational flexibility of this invention achieved in mobile format as designed for the requested invention.
The operational versatility of being able to create and refine even with the direct application to the "thermolysis" process of petrochemical products such as crude oil, oils, plastics, rubber (NFU) cannot be appreciated in other patents, with the only internal change of the system of combustion / furnace of the invention, therefore being able to always adapt to the existence of existing raw materials and / or moving the plant were the case due to the lack of raw materials for any reason and / or its location in areas of ecological disasters such as Pipeline breaks and / or for reasons of financial savings, therefore its inter-operability being unique and completely innovative.
It is not appreciated in any other patent the creation / transfonnación in light hydrocarbons with registries inferior to the nonnativas and directives of security and environmental quality of the hydrocarbons at national level or / and of the EEC in this matter even being better than of the own producers and authorized international distributors to such normal supply of hydrocarbons.
The self-sufficiency of such low energy expenditure of said invention is not appreciated in any prior patent.
It did not resemble the 80% to 95% transformation levels of petrochemicals such as the
crude, veneered pots, burned / used oils at both high production level and even the remaining 5% being industrial oil, therefore reaching 100% organic production and its environmental transformation, especially locating the patent in places with environmental damage of importance as in countries with ecological damage almost irrevocable by extraction, indiscriminate distillation of the natural resources of these nations, especially emerging countries, where this invention offers them the possibility in situ to solve an ecological problem of national importance and at the same time being economically viable, mobile operability and especially being able to create energy as electricity in places where said good does not exist as in the third world and / or in emerging countries and / or that have been able to suffer war damage, natural disasters, explosions of refinery, pipelines, etc.
At the same time being different and unique our patent for being able to use this invention with technologies jointly and / or individually if it is required to perform the filtration, cancellation, suppression, cleaning, recycling of said airs, vapors, gases, atmospheres, pollutants and / or non-polluting we can add to this filtration system another system such as being able to increase the speed of the movement of said flows in said filtration circuits with our alloys performing the operations of filtration, cleaning, dragging, but also cooling, cancellation of static charges in order to, if required, be able to carry out the invention at a higher speed and in particular thus increase the process for the movement of fluids, fluids of the liquids of the invention in a "closed circuit" but also making use of the invention with another modality of "open circuit" in which these systems combined with each other we can get the system ema of air filtration, its recycling, retention, drag, cleaning of products, particles, objects in suspension and / or in the liquids of the cleaning system of malignant origin and / or benign retained, dragged, blocked in said filters, atmospheric airs they can be filtered and deposited in other parts of the invention as cleaning and recycling tanks.
As long as these liquids and / or cleaning waters continue to be injected to continue with said recycling and while the waters, residual liquid with the retained particles and / or contaminating products can begin their process of decontamination, partial and / or total recycling in other sectors of the process inside and / or outside the invention in general by chemical, physical, electrical, magnetic processes. by waves, so that they can be neutralized, recycled, transporters individually and / or by means of chemical products and / or by electrical, physical techniques to cancel out their contaminant value and / or even to be removed,
recycled, stored for later liSO, sale, recycling in the same industry II other if so
it is desired but not allowing said fumes, vapors, leaks, pollutants to reach the almosphere and / or rivers, reservoirs, water reservoirs, thus closing the possibility that said pan icles in suspension, particles obtained by dragging, filtration of origin of the gases, vapors, fumes reach living beings and / or the environment as a whole and / or partially due to the very high level of filtration, drag, efficiency, productivity, cleaning, fi suit, drag of all invention both in the "Closed Circuit" version and in the "Open Circuit" version of the invention reaching 100% of full performance and recycling, gas filters such as C02, with emissions of natural and anthropogenic origin, the latter In recent decades strong growth.
Emissions such as CO2, CO, S02, S03. N0203, are usually accompanied by various emissions of soot, smoke, heavy metals and other pollutants that affect most living organisms. In living organisms, these particles kill by pulmonary asphyxiation from a certain threshold and a certain duration of exposure as already declared by the O.M.S. (World Health Organization). Its chemical properties make it able to quickly cross many types of biological membranes, producing rapid effects on the central nervous system in living beings are toxic at low, medium and / or high levels depending on the concentrations and / or penetration of these products. harmful such as atmospheric, food, water, waste, etc.
The means of transport that use oil (cars, trucks, airplanes, cargo ships ...) are an important source of CO2, CO, S02, S03 emissions. N020 3. etc., and natural fires are the first natural cause. The effect of human activities on the global warming of our planet's climate is becoming well known through numerous studies, but its impact of acidification of the marine environment is much less known, since few years ago researchers have been interested for him.
In many cases, protecting the global pollution of industries, means of transport and emission of pollutants, being able to even use and / or adapt it to all industries, without requiring large works and / or infrastructure expenses to its installation and / or implementation, but a simple coupling of the invention.
The recycling system and the speed booster of this invention refers to the lack of desire for loss of time, productivity, lack of efficiency which increases the loading costs.
unloading / filling of all types of deposits, means of transport such as tankers, tankers, transportation of hydrocarbons by land in areas such as refineries, loading / unloading terminals entails economic and safety expenses which are subsequently passed on to the consumer final.
In addition, this part of the invention has an important productivity value if it is thus operatively required to be the loading and / or unloading the most dangerous and / or expensive moment of the entire process of the movement of recycled hazardous materials, chemicals, Contaminant products such as heavy metals, harmful and saving at this point by increasing the speed of discharge / filling is something that can easily be introduced to achieve time saving, economical for being less time docked and / or stopped at terminals load! discharge, the lower cost of taxes or fees of ports / airports / terminals / gas stations that are calculated by minutes and hours and can thus recycle, transport liquids, masses, arenas, lands, sludge to other places for recycling and can also be Another source of amortization of this invention for the non-loss of any of the sectors of the production chain of a plant, factory, industrial or transformation of energy types as examples of this recycling chain.
The saving and greater amortization of the goods or means of transport of the waste, sludge, recycled products after recycling by our invention for being able to increase the transit time and / or not loss of productivity in unloading / filling up increasing this download system between 20% -50% according to types of liquids, fluids, gases, sludge, sand, earth, liquids and / or derivatives of hydrocarbon emission products.
Said system introduced within this invention can increase the recycling, filter, trawling, cancellation, suppression of smoke s, vapors, gases and / or any type of particles, especially those that are suspended in both the "Open Circuit", because it will be possible to process more quickly all the steps of the evacuation of products, materials, in the liquid format to be treated and then distributed, or re-used in the same industries.
In this way, the operator having the possibility of using an even faster system of productivity and a slower system according to the levels of production, use, pollution, and / or environmental regulatory problems of each country, region, national, regional, continental agreement, global and / or international, etc.
Therefore we can offer two systems, the slower-normal speed called the "Closed Circuit" system, which is based more on low-medium pollution levels and with the filtration, dragging, cancellation of products, substances By filters and by changing the filters of the invention we can ensure that the water / liquids that are smooth in this "Closed Circuit" models are viable and non-polluting and by cleaning their filters placed in different places at the entrance, at the Exit of the cooling tanks, storage of said liquids of the circuit which in the case of its loss by use, vaporization we can fill them with auxiliary accesses of liquid / water fillings so that the circuit works autonomously, self-sufficient and can recycle , clean, obtain said particles, substances within the cleaning of the atmospheres, gases, fumes vapors expelled and / or also achieving a greater cooling of the s system of the invention and the exit of Huns, escapes, chimneys by not penetrating the growth of bacteria, organic organisms, seeds, herbs, pollen, seeds, organic plants within chimneys which over time and / or in Its maintenance plans need to be cleaned, maintained, but the production plant and especially the chimney, the exhaust system of the production plant in question is getting worse, with higher expenses, lower operating performance and even with the increase of operational breaks with its consequent increase in operating costs and operating costs in the short, medium and long term.
The portability, mobility and location of the facilities of the invention. The invention is characterized in that it can be located and placed in a provisional, transportable, mobile, fixed, adjacent, distance from the plant and / or the place of recycling, filtration, attraction of said products, polluting suspended particles and / or Non-polluting with harmful factors in an environmental, visual, odorous and / or in any way and / or atmosphere, hydrographic, dynamic, etc.
The design of said invention with the coupling of the recycling chimney, environmental filter, can also be done in mobile mode, which said invention can be transported any means of transport such as a truck, missile shuttle, on the back of a vehicle, train car, crane, truck or even a military truck / vehicle with the traction of chains and / or all wheels such as an 8x8, 10x10, 12x12 to reach the transformation, production, ... more inhospitable of the planet.
It is desired that said recycling plant of the invention be located in a fixed way near and / or next to the plant especially the outlets of gases, fumes, polluting vapors of said factory, thermal plant, factory, etc. The possibility of being able to perform and consists of joining the plant through the LISO of a "bypass" system and / or by directing the leaks, gases, vapors towards our invention can be done by connecting the "bypass" system with openings manuals and / or automatic which the company will be able to choose the amount of gases, vapors and / or fumes passing through each outlet and / or escapes of gases, vapors, fumes at any time and can even completely and / or partially close an outlet for carry out operations to increase the discharge, maintenance, repairs, operations reviews, filter cleaning, discharges and / or regulations of polluting products in other formats such as sludge deposits, arenas, liquid stores, heavy metal filter-drag systems / strategic, etc.
At the same time you can have an umco connection system and / or by a bypass system from the original exit of the chimneys to a fixed location of the location of the building of the recycling plant. Said gases, fumes, vapors will be transferred gradually, calorific, gravity, pressure, blow, compression to the plant and the invention for filtration, purification, treatment, collection of particles of any type or form in any medium and /
or physical and / or chemical and / or physical, being gases, vapors, liquids, semi-liquids, mixed from the above and even suspended particles of natural, artificial, biological origin, etc.
The possibility of being able to transport a plant of the invention directly to the recycling site of a plant through our invention by means of a portable and / or mobile system allows the truck to be parked next to the smoke outlets and / or its entrance to the chimney and be redirected, directed, guided by pipes and / or a connection of a "bypass" and by connecting the evacuation tube to the bottom of the chimney which will have been placed in an upright position to function as a chimney, smoke outlet, evacuation of gases and / vapors being expelled, gradually injected, compressed, by gravity, temperatures, said gases through the invention which being said gases, vapors, fumes trapped in our alloys and / or subsequently washed, dragged and physically, dynamically and / or chemically annulled by mixing with other products, the total recycling of said industries in question is achieved and with the posi It is easy to use the "Closed Circuit" systems which is simpler and has a removable filter system when it reaches its full particle accumulation line.
In the case of using the mobile-transportable system of the invention and / or it is desired to use the "open circuit" systems, another truck with storage tank systems may be placed next to it, treatment in which with a pumping system it may be possible drag the water from
filtering system, cooling of chimney particles and / or SlIS filters and passing through
said second truck which will have in said transport an exact number of units to be able to drag, filter, choose, select the contaminating particles and / or contaminants by weight, type of metals, minerals, level of contamination, typology and / or gravity of materials , and its possible nuclear, biological, cancerous, military, strategic origin, etc.
In this way, there being always the possibility of not having to carry out works, long-term closures immediately in a manufacturing plant, transformation, generation of energy of petrochemical, fossil, recyclers of organic and / or inorganic products, even being able to be used as an evacuation system, chimney, provisional escape to industries whose chimneys need repairs, cleaning, maintenance and being able to offer them the possibility to continue operating through our invention of mode and of mobile and / or transportable creation to any place in the world and any plant and / or type by means of which our invention of suspension, steering, durability systems is transported to the highest level including military and / or strategic.
EXI) LICATION OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the present invention relates to a process for energy and material revaluation of a biodegradable and / or non-biodegradable raw material containing carbon in its elementary composition simultaneously by means of a thermolysis cycle (see Figure 2), thermolysis + reforming (see Figure 3) and / or thermolysis + combustion (see Figures 4 and 5).
Said process to revalue energy and materially a raw material that comprises carbon in its elementary composition is characterized in that it comprises:
(to) a thermolysis reaction stage inside a thermolysis reactor (1) comprising a solid or hollow screw conveyor (20), wherein said screw screw conveyor (20) displaces the raw material fed to the thermolysis reactor ( 1) throughout it, while the raw material is devolatilized and / or reacts chemically, giving rise to a solid carbonaceous fraction corresponding to the converted raw material and a gaseous fraction.
(b) the addition to the thermolysis reactor (1) of a gas stream that reduces the partial pressure of 02 inside the thermolysis reactor (1), avoiding oxidation and / or partial combustion of the components of the gas fraction.
(C) the extraction of the gaseous fraction as it is generated, through an expansion chamber located in the thermolysis reactor (1).
(d) the condensation and / or the reforming or combustion of said gas fraction;
(and) the cooling and collection of the raw material converted through an endless solid cooler thyme (27). The raw material used in the above procedure comprises rubber material, polymeric material, fossil fuels or biomass. Preferably it comprises out of use tire (NFU).
The final products of the revaluation process of the present invention, if applied exclusively to NFU, will be pyrolytic carbon black, liquid fuels and electrical and / or thermal energy. Obtaining one or several of these products, as well as their relative proportion will depend on the process finally selected.
A second aspect of the present invention lies in the design of a mobile bed reactor with auger type auger to perform the thermolysis and which solves the problem of heat transfer to the reactive material, facilitates the transit of material therein. , allows to adjust the residence time of the NFUs for a constant reactor volume and independently of the quantity fed and, by its special design, prevents excessive degradation of the initially devolatilized material, this being the main advantage of the proposed reactor and what differentiates it from other designs collected in the state of the art.
A third aspect of the present invention consists in the incorporation of an absorbent in the thermolysis reactor, preferably of a calcium, soda type, in such a way that the partial and / or total elimination of the sulfur entering the system with the NFU is achieved. both in the gas phase and in the possible liquid fuels obtained. This absorbent, due to the intrinsic characteristics of the proposed cycle, also supplies the energy needs of the thermolysis stage when entering said reactor at high temperature.
Components of the invention The invention is a portable "closed cycle" recycling machine built on a fundamental basis of mobility and physical portability through its easy, efficient transport with an installation, set up almost immediately in any logistics place globally
and / or operability also being energy self sufficient and being operational with the
recycling of the same raw materials introduced. Its subsequent transfer for any reason through its incorporation into containers, means of transport, especially storage in sea-type containers makes this invention unique because it is completely versatile logistically and / or operational within hours after its location and final discharge for putting in immediate operation, achieving a unique and innovative operation and productivity globally. Not limiting its use, application, union with other processes in a fixed and / or indefinite way over time according to operational requirements
Said invention is developed so as not to limit itself to a single type of raw material and can be versatile and its production levels vary according to the quantity and quality of the raw materials introduced for such as the introduction of crude, tires (NFU) to achieve after its transformation of recyclable materials such as light hydrocarbons, also thus obtaining and obtaining carbon black, materials and / or recycling of metals, minerals which are found inside the raw materials, recyclable inserts and / or introduced as in the cases of Tire recycling (NFU), used oils, crude, materials originating from the petrochemical and / or hydrocarbon industries, inorganic materials, plastics, etc.
Another fundamental and differentiating and innovative factor is that the invention uses a "closed circuit" technology which does not emit gases into the atmosphere being totally ecological and environmental viable for any type of use especially of inorganic materials of great capacity and polluting problem such as tires, oils, plastics, etc. Having already been approved and confirmed at an administrative level that complies with national and EEC regulations.
In the furnace area, leaks, transmission, gas storage can be used and used to achieve light hydrocarbons a "closed circuit-closed recycling cycle" system with and without the introduction, application and use of special materials manufacturing and / or uses of special alloys which, depending on the level of capture of the particles of the introduced raw materials, typology of raw materials, levels of contamination of said materials and necessary operating temperatures will have to be applied and / or used alloys and their corresponding designs which are described in PATENT P201330057 and U20l330074 of the same applicant which has already been approved by the SPTO prior to this invention.
The machine is especially suitable for obtaining the maximum recycling efficiency of any type of tire as well as the reuse of steel and other components implicit in it. Total respect for the environment and drastic reduction in the storage of materials, materials, products, derivatives, leftovers, wastes, mainly polluting properties.
The process works without any external fuel. The gases that are released in the process, which do not leave the atmosphere, are used to power an engine that in turn moves a generator that produces the energy we need for the whole process (being able to use part of it for other purposes) , it feeds itself.
An aspect of the present invention consists in the use of a new thermolysis reactor characterized by having inside it an endless thyme to displace the solids inside while de-volatilizing and / or reacting chemically and also providing of an expansion chamber that facilitates the rapid evacuation of volatile products to the outside, this characteristic constituting a clear improvement of the reactors existing and collected in the state of the art.
In addition, the proposed process is characterized by penetrating the connection and / or interconnection depending on the final configuration of the process with another auxiliary reactor in which one of the effluent streams of the thermolysis reactor is totally or partially oxidized. Isolating the different processes in connected reactors has the advantage of allowing to work with different operating variables precisely to be able to work under optimal conditions in each of the stages. Thus, through this procedure, two different chemical processes can be carried out that have different temperatures, reaction atmospheres (inert or oxidizing) and varying residence times for both solids and gases. In the thermolysis reactor the decomposition of the raw material is carried out at a temperature between 400 ° C and 1000 ° C, preferably between 500 ° C and 600 ° C, with the application of the alloys and their dissolutions. solitaire U201330074 P201330057 we can even exceed these temperatures depending on the thermal availability to heat the reactor, the area for heat exchange, the final objective of the process, the operating conditions of the second reactor and the raw material to be processed. The working pressure can be between 0.1 mbar and 10 bar, but preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 bar. The residence time of the solid inside can be between 0.01-0.2 minutes even up to several hours,
although desirable residence times will be between 1 second and 4 minutes
to achieve complete de-volatilization of the material in a minimum reactor volume.
The proposed procedure for carrying out thermolysis consists of the following stages (see Figure 6):
one. Raw material feed stage: this stage consists of a sealed section consisting of at least two hoppers (upper hopper (12) and lower hopper (13) in Figure 6 closed with a solid storage capacity according to the size of the reactor These hoppers are connected to each other through a valve (14) that can be operated manually or automatically and that allows the transit of solids through it, in order to avoid the formation of vaults that distort the feed, the hoppers they can be equipped with auxiliary propellers inside them or any other system that destroys them or prevents their formation.The specific design of these anti-vault systems is part of the state of the art.The upper hopper (12) also has another valve (14) that can be operated manually or automatically, which communicates with the outside and allows the feed of fresh material to the system. by gravity on a solid feeder (endless feeder (15) in Figure 6 which may or may not be the screw type auger. In the event that the feeder is screw-type, it will have an appropriate diameter, section and pitch size to feed the desired amount of material to the reactor. The specific design of this auger thyme is part of the state of the art in the design of augers for feeders of chopped or granulated solids. The axis of the screw auger feeder, will be connected to a motor-reducer system (feeder reduction motor (16) in Figure 6 electrically powered and equipped with a frequency inverter in order to regulate its rotation speed and thus also be able to modify the amount of solid to be fed without modifying the screw geometry The specific design of the electric motor, reducer and frequency variator are part of the state of the art in the field of electric motors and their electronic regulation. the feeding system does not necessarily have to be unique, but it is also possible that the final design has several hoppers attached to different independent feed threads that simultaneously feed a single thermolysis reactor.This system would be especially appropriate in the case of wanting feed the solid thermolysis reactor of different nature with different density and / or particle size. In this way the segregation and separation of different solids contained in a single hopper would be avoided. The feed section is sealed and has a gas seal to prevent reflux of thermolysis products into the feed zone (entrainment of entrained gas (24) in Figure
2. Reaction stage: this stage consists of a mobile bed reactor built in material
6).
metallic and chemically and mechanically resistant to high temperatures and potentially corrosive atmospheres and that moves through it the raw material supplied by the feeding stage so it communicates with the solids feeding system, the gas outlet and the cooling system of converted solids. It consists of an inner casing (i7) that can be constructed of stainless steel, refractory steel or any other metal type material that is resistant to high temperatures and allows efficient heat transfer through it. The inner shell is characterized by having a reactant solid inlet at the top, a solids outlet converted at the bottom (solids outlet duct (26) in Figure 6), an expansion chamber (lS) in the part top and a system of closing of the reactor auger (22) constituted by a set of flanges and mechanized joints. The geometry of this inner casing pennite the easy movement of the solid material inside and the rapid evacuation of the de-volatilized material towards the second reactor or towards the condenser avoiding its excessive cracking. This unique feature of the thermolysis reactor drastically differentiates it from other designs included in the state of the art and represents an obvious advantage in avoiding excessive degradation of the released products. The final part of this expansion chamber communicates with the thermally insulated duct (gas outlet duct (19) in Figure 6) that joins the thermolysis reactor with the combustion reactor or the thermolysis reactor with the refoming reactor or the Tennolysis reactor with the condenser depending on the final configuration of the process. It is important that this conduit is sufficiently insulated in order to avoid heat leakage to the outside and the possible condensation of thermolysis products in unwanted areas of the installation. The size and type of insulation will be appropriate to maintain an internal conduction temperature not less than 500 ° C and the final design is part of the state of the art in thermal insulation systems. The expansion chamber can be designed in such a way that it allows the lateral gas evacuation on the final side of the auger where the solid obtained is evacuated or it can be designed so that the central evacuation of gases with respect to the length of the reactor is allowed. of tennolysis.
Additionally, and in order to clean solid particles that accompany the thermolysis gas, it is possible to install one or several cyclones in series or in parallel to the outlet of the thermolysis reactor. Like the conduit described above, these equipment must be constructed of high temperature resistant metal material and conveniently thermally insulated to minimize heat leakage and avoid condensation. The specific geometry of these equipments is part of the state of the art in the design of particle cleaning systems in cyclonic type gases and is not an object of the present invention. Inside the
Housing is housed Ull auger (worm conveyor (20) in Figure 6) consisting of
a shaft and blades or spiral and a circular crown-shaped plate welded on both ends of the thyme to avoid the possible passage of solid material towards the reactor closing areas. The screw can be constructed in the same material as the carcass or not, but always in chemical material that is chemically and mechanically resistant at high temperatures and potentially corrosive atmospheres and that moves through it the solid supplied by the feed section previously described. The length, section and pitch size of this auger will depend on the final size of the reactor and the amount of solids to be processed and its final design is part of the state of the art in the design of conveyors of granulated solids by means of auger. The central axis of the reactor auger (21) can be solid or hollow. In the latter case, a gas or a hot technical fluid could circulate through it to transmit heat inside the thermolysis reactor and thus favor the decomposition of the raw material. In this way, the auger screw would not only act as a mere carrier of solids but also provide a very effective surface for the transmission of heat from the outside to the reactant material by being in direct and continuous contact with it. In this case, the auger must be provided with a system that prevents the escape of the gas or thermal fluid outwards characterized by having a fixed access tube (31) for concentric and insulated thermal fluid with respect to the axis of the screw endless
(21) And that introduces the gas to the hot zone of the reactor, a thermal fluid access closure system (32) composed of a series of seals and seals that connect the rotary axis of the endless thyme (2 1) with the tube fixed (31) of access of thermal fluid and of a reception chamber (33) that serves to collect the gas or thermal fluid that escapes from the auger. The movement of the auger screw is guaranteed by its connection to an electric motor (worm gear motor (23) in Figure 6) equipped with a reducer and a frequency inverter. The presence of this last element is key in the system since in this way the speed of rotation of the screw and thus the residence time of the solid inside the reactor can be modified without having to modify the geometry of the endless thyme. An important accessory of the thermolysis reactor is the gas inlet (entrainment of entrained gas (24) in Figure 6), which is located in a cold area of the reactor and close to the junction with the feed section.
The gas supply fulfills a double purpose: on the one hand it reduces the partial pressure of 02 inside the reactor avoiding the combustion / partial oxidation of the released volatile products and, on the other hand, it acts as a gas closure avoiding reflux of thermolysis products towards the feeding zone. Such reflux would cause premature degradation of the fed material with the consequent risk of duct obstruction. This contribution of inert gas is made from a pressurized and controlled tank by means of the use of a mass flow controller OR of a control valve whose designs form part of the state of the art in gas regulation and control systems. Likewise, the reactor sealing system is also of vital importance, especially as regards the closing of the mobile pallets (worm screw) with the fixed ones (reactor housing). In general, the closure system of the endless reactor (22) consists of a series of seals and seals housed in mechanized flanges for this purpose and it is convenient to be in a cold area of the reactor to avoid premature degradation of the seals which, in general, are made of polymeric material. Although it has already been mentioned that part of the thermic energy necessary to carry out the thermolysis reaction can be transmitted using the surface of the screw, in general, a supply of energy through the housing will be necessary. This energy supply can be done through various procedures. For example, it is possible to install an electric homo around the inner casing or an outer casing can be installed that wraps the thermolysis reactor and inner casing assembly with a burner system that directly heats the inner casing by burning natural gas, propane or any other hydrocarbon or even part of the products produced in thermolysis (outer shell (25) in Figure 6).
If a combustible gas stream is not available, it is possible to install a system that transmits the sensitive heat contained in a high temperature thermal fluid stream through the reactor wall. Finally, it is also possible to provide the energy to the process by feeding a hot solid at a temperature higher than that of the reactor (see Figure 5). The choice of one system or another will be a function of the final geometry of the housing and the processing capacity of the reactor. Regardless of the heating system selected, and in the case of NFU processing, it will be necessary to guarantee a minimum temperature inside the reactor of 300 ° C_500 ° C. Lower temperatures could lead to poor de-volatilization of the fed material.
Cooling stage and collection of converted raw material: the converted raw material from the thermolysis reactor passes through a duct (solids outlet duct (26) in Figure 6) which, depending on the entire process, can communicate with a solids cooling system similar in design to the thermolysis reactor. This stage comprises an endless thyme (solid cooling auger thyme (27) in Figure 6) to collect, move and cool the converted raw material characterized by having: a shaft that can be hollow to transport a cooling fluid and / or water by its interior or it can be solid; some blades or
worm screw spiral; an inner metal housing that houses the worm screw (worm housing
cooler (28) in Figure 6); a circular crown-shaped plate welded on both ends of the screw to prevent the possible passage of solid material towards the thyme closure areas; an outer casing (29) that surrounds the screw assembly and inner casing characterized by having a series of deflector plates (30) positioned perpendicular to the axis of the auger which alternately leave a gap in the upper and lower part of the outer casing to increase the path of the water or cooling fluid and thus achieve greater cooling. Water or cooling fluid can circulate countercurrently or in parallel currents with respect to the solid. Finally, the cooled solids are taken to a closed tank where they are stored.
Depending on the final destination of the de-volatilized organic products in the thermolysis reactor represented by the stream of de-volatilized products of the gas phase tire (F3) and that they have left the tennolysis reactor through the gas outlet duct
(19) of Figure 6, the proposed equipment and its operating conditions will vary.
The first possible configuration will be to have a condensation system that allows the reduction of current temperature. If the raw material is NFU, the gaseous fraction generated as the raw material is de-volatilized, corresponds to the stream of de-volatilized products of the gas phase tire (F3) of Figure 2. The equipment Condenser (3) to be used can be a conventional casing-tube-type condenser cooled by water or by any other fluid that is capable of absorbing the energy transported by the stream of de-volatilized products of the gas phase tire (F3), although other designs described in the state of the art are possible. The condensation system can be formed by several equipment interconnected in series or in parallel in such a way that a stepped condensation can be achieved and therefore several products with different boiling points and chemical compositions.
Regardless of the system used, the decrease in the temperature of the de-volatilized product stream of the gas phase tire (F3) must be guaranteed to a maximum of 50 ° C. After condensation, one or more liquid streams will be obtained (represented by the flow of liquid fuels (F5) in Figure 2) formed mainly by hydrocarbons and another gas (stream of non-condensed gaseous products (F6) in Figure 2)). It has not been condensed since the boiling point of the products that constitute it is lower than the condenser outlet temperature and, in general, it will consist of light hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, hydrogen, nitrogen and other low molecular weight compounds of organic or inorganic nature. The flow of liquid fuels (F5) can be considered as a final product and conveniently stored without prejudice to subsequent treatments to improve SlIS characteristics, although such treatments are not the subject of the present invention. For its part, the non-condensed gas stream (stream of non-condensed gaseous products (F6) in Figure 1) is conducted to a burner (gas burner (4) in Figure 2) or burner system in which feeds air (air stream to carry out the combustion of gas (F9) in Figure 2) as a oxidizing agent and combustion is carried out. All or part of the energy released in said combustion (energy flow current from the gas burner to the thermolysis reactor (F7) in Figure 2) can be used to meet the energy needs of the thermolysis reactor (1).
A second possible configuration is that shown in Figure 3. The stream of devolatilized products of the gas phase tire (F3) leaving the thermolysis reactor (1) through the gas outlet duct (19) of Figure 6, it is conducted through a heat pipe to a reforming reactor of the de-volatilized products (5) in which its reforming is carried out to produce light hydrocarbons, carbon oxides and hydrogen. This reactor must operate at a high temperature between 750 ° C and 1300 ° C in such a way that cracking of the fed products takes place and their reaction with the reforming agent (water and / or air vapor stream or mixtures of them ( FIO) in Figure 3) which can be water vapor, air or mixtures thereof. The operating pressure of this reactor will be the same O preferably slightly lower than that existing in the thermosis reactor to allow the transport of gases between both reactors. The possible types of reactors to be used may be the typical ones used in this type of operations such as fixed beds, fluidized beds or even conventional or adapted burners. As a result of the reforming, a gaseous stream (stream of high temperature converted gaseous products (FII) in Figure 3) is obtained from which thermal energy can be extracted to meet the energy needs of the thermolysis reactor (1) by means of a system of heat recovery (6). The surplus of thermal energy can also be used to generate the steam necessary to carry out the reforming reaction. Once the gases have been cooled (stream of gaseous products converted to low temperature (FI3) of Figure 3), they are referred to a thermal machine (7) as a motor or a turbine of gas in which they are mixed with air (FI4) producing combustion. The specific design of this thermal machine is part of the state of the art in design and construction of engines and gas turbines and are not subject to
The present invention. Hot combustion gases generated in the technical machine (F I5)
they can be cooled before they are emitted into the atmosphere and their thermal energy can be transferred to other locations in the plant that demand energy or even be transferred to an auxiliary steam cycle to generate additional power. The thermal machine (7) is connected to an alternator (8) in which electricity is produced and whose final design and features are part of the state of the art and are not the subject of the present invention.
A third possible configuration is that shown in Figure 4. On this occasion, the stream of de-volatilized products of the gas phase tire (F3) from the thermolysis reactor
(1) and evacuated from this reactor through the gas outlet duct (19), are conducted to a combustion reactor of the de-volatilized products (9) in which its total oxidation is carried out by the contribution of air, depleted air or enriched air (FI4 current). The reactor used for this operation can be any that allows a good contact between the gas stream and the oxidizer, preferably a burner type reactor. The thermal energy generated in the combustion reaction will be partially used to meet the energy needs of the thermolysis reactor (1) through the flow of energy from the heat recovery to the tennolysis reactor (F 12). The excess thermal energy can be transferred to a steam cycle (10) in which electricity will be generated through a turbine connected to an alternator (8). The specific characteristics of the steam cycle are part of the state of the art in power cycles and are not the subject of the present invention. Combustion products already cooled (low temperature combustion gas stream (F 18) of Figure 4) are not emitted into the atmosphere through the chimney and / or derivatives according to design and / or coupled to other systems including of storage of said gases until their transformation if required and / or their immediate transfer so that the whole process is as efficient as possible, redirected to the creation of light hydrocarbons.
The fourth process configuration proposed is that shown in Figure 5. The hot gas stream generated in the thermolysis reactor (stream of de-volatilized products of the gas phase tire (F3) is conducted to a condensation system similar to that described Previously it can be formed by one or several capacitors in series or in parallel that guarantee a decrease in the temperature of this current until it reaches a maximum of 30 ° C_40 ° C and whose specific design is part of the state of the art in condensation equipment. On the other hand, the non-condensed gas (stream of non-condensed gaseous products towards the combustion reactor (F21) in Figure 5) is conducted to a combustion reactor (11) in which it is completely oxidized with air through a burner. To this combustion reactor, the solid stream generated in the thermolysis reactor is also fed as fuel (hot lithium carbon black stream (F2) in Figure 5), that is, in the case of using used tire, the lithic pyro carbon black formed in the de-volatilization reaction will be fed. In addition, a stream of fresh absorbent, preferably calcium absorbent (fresh absorbent input (F20) in Figure 5) is also added to this reactor. In the process object of the present invention, it is proposed to provide the energy to the thermolysis reactor to carry out the de-volatilization of the material to be processed by the circulation of a hot solid (hot absorbent recycle (FI9) in Figure 5) from the combustion reactor (11) to the thermolysis reactor (1). The temperature of this hot solid, and consequently that of the combustion reactor, will have to be higher than the temperature of the thermolysis reactor by at least 30 ° C -40 ° C to allow efficient heat transfer and a circulation of solids between moderate reactors. Although the type of combustion reactor (11) to be used in the process can be any of those described in the state of the art of combustion reactors for solids, a reactor that allows an easy flow of solids inside it and preferably that guarantees a good mixture between fuel (lithium carbon black) and solids to transport heat between reactors since the heat generated in combustion must be transferred quickly and efficiently to the heat conveyor. Therefore, a fluidized bed reactor will preferably be used which can be operated in bubbling and / or circulating mode. Through this type of reactors it is possible to guarantee high combustion efficiencies and easy distribution and / or even extraction of the excess heat generated.
Depending on the type of material processed in the thermolysis reactor, it may happen that the joint combustion of the non-condensed gas and the non-volatilized solid material generates more energy than is necessary to carry out the de-volatilization. In this case, the excess energy together with the thermal energy of the gas stream generated in the combustion reactor (combustion gas stream (F 15) in Figure 5) can be recovered in appropriate heat recovery equipment and generate electricity through a steam cycle whose design is part of the state of the art in power cycles. The heat carrier to be used can be any generally inorganic solid that preferably has high heat capacity, mechanical strength, chemical resistance and low cost. Preferably, the solid used as a heat carrier should have properties to absorb sulfur-containing compounds such as% S and / or S02, both generated respectively in the thermolysis and combustion processes. In this way, at the same time that the energy necessary for de-volatilization is supplied, the cleaning of the hot gases is carried out with the consequent reduction of the generated emissions and saving of cleaning equipment for
gases, this point being a clear improvement with respect to the systems described in the
state of the art
In the manufacture, application and use of the invention we incorporate the use of another technology already described as "alloy body" of this invention in any format, network, mesh, spheres, panels, mounted in forms or filter system, cooler, reducer , suppressor, heat / technical wave heatsink, coupling, mobility, installation, for chimneys, smoke outlet, catalysts, leaks, ... of any type and shape in any type of polluting and non-polluting particle to the atmosphere and / or the environment. Such as chimneys, smoke outlet, catalysts, leaks, atmosphere filters, flows, streams of any type and shape including filtration, suspension, drag, stop of any type of suspended, fixed, drag particles, tablets of origin industrial, natural and / or with polluting and / or non-polluting particles such as CO z, CO, SOz, S03. NOZ0 3 • etc.
Depending on the coupling system, these can include an object, housing, basket, which is placed inside the chimney / fi lter, filler, of the mesh / net / spheres of the invention. Said basket may be made of any material which offers resistance to be able to hold, support, hold the alloy and at the same time acting as a filter, reducer of contaminating and / or non-contaminating particles, in fonnate, mesh / net / sphere. This basket is a piece in which it can be extracted, easily placed and its maintenance is minimal.
The materials used for its manufacture will mainly be plastics, resistant and light metals, but the material could also be used at the same time and with the same compositions of the alloys of the mesh / net / spheres in the format of a metal made with a special mold , tailored or with pieces made specifically for use and placement within the area.
The patent also contains anti-fire, anti-fire, anti-static, antioxidant, anti-algae and anti-explosion properties.
Following the figures cited above, it can be seen how the suppression, reduction, vapor filtration, gas, pollutant or / and flammable fumes, hydrocarbons, gases, pollutants and / or non-contaminating liquids and in particular in relation to the figures numbers 8 and 9, a sheet of heat conducting material is used, which preferably has the physical properties indicated above, the sheet having a
generally flat configuration, with a thickness ranging from 0.01 mm (1 micron) to
about 0.1 mm (10 microns), preferably from about 0.02 mm (2 microns) to about 0.06 mm (6 microns), or from about 0.02 mm (2 microns) to about 0.05 mm (5 microns).
The internal part of the "basket" unloading key is filled with the net / mesh / spheres and its formulation and components are subsequently described as it is an invention in two main parts, the first the holding basket / filtration and a second which is the filling of the patent, to the alloy, which between the two make said invention viable and that it achieves the benefits detailed herein in this utility and patent model.
The sheet, mesh, net, spheres of the patent material must be manufactured with a material of good conductivity in order to suppress, reduce, any explosion, increase the filling speed of the tanks, adequately filter the polluting fumes-emissions according to your final application.
By reducing vaporization losses which are an economic loss but also a great loss by vaporization of the properties of fuels, the most energetic being the ones that evaporate before and are usually the most harmful and polluting for the environment and extremely harmful in a physical, sanitary and environmental way and way towards living beings, the flora and fauna of our planet.
Especially for the ease of this benign and / or malignant vaporization of contaminating, penetrating and entering the atmosphere, subsoil, surface, seas, rivers, which is the one with the highest polluting energy value. This pollution, especially the one produced by hydrocarbon emissions and / or polluting emissions from energy transformation / energy production plants (technical plants) or industrial (foundries / chemical plants / refineries) is the worst for our atmosphere, eco-systems, to directly and directly fectating the air, maritime, terrestrial, national, continental and global zones.
The heat conductivity should be at least about 0.021 CaVcm-sec., Particularly for materials that have a specific density of about 2.8 g / cm3 to about 19.5 g / cm3, and preferably from around 0.021 to about 0.95 CaVcm-sec., particularly for materials that have a specific density of about 2.8 g / cm3 to about 19.5 g / cm3.
The nominal heat conductivity is around 2.36 Watt / cm-degrees (Kelvin) at 273 T.K.
(Kelvin degrees) for aluminum.
The following materials can be used as penitent candidates or as subjectspremiums depending on the application. Namely:
-Silver 4.28 WattJcm-degrees (Kelvin) at 273 T.K.-Gold 3,2018 Wattlclll-degrees (Kelvin) at 273 T.K.-Copper 4.1 WattJcm-degrees (Kelvin) at 273 T.K.,-Nobium, Nb, 41,-lnconeI600, 625, 690, 718, 75 1,792, 939-Nickel, Ni, 28-Nimonic 90, 100, 105, 115-Chrome, Cr, 24-Moleybdeum, Mo, 42-Moleybdeum disuldie (MoS2)-Hafium, Hf, 72-Hafnium Oxide (HfD2)-Vermicilite (Mg, Fg, AI) 3 (Al Si) 4 O 10 (O H2) 4 (H20)-Monel, 400, 401, 404, K-500, R-405
and polymer material.
For a material density, for example, of 2.7 g / cm3 (Aluminum); 10.5 g / cm3 (silver), 19.3g / cm2 (Gold), 8.92 g / cm2 (Copper), 7.86 g / cm3 (stainless steel) or 0.9 to 1.5 g / cm2 (rial mateof polymer).
It is desirable that the sheet of material is relatively chemically inert to the contents.container closed or open, encapsulated, molded or in housings forinstallation / attachment / application for the usable life of the container and / or the period of residenceof the contents in the container.
Materials must be common metals and / or special metallic metals, such as Monel,Inconel, Neobium, Vennerculite, Nickel, Copper, Silver, Gold, Hafium, Ninomico, Aluminum,Titanium, Silicon, Magnesium, carbon fiber, silicones of natural origin and of synthetic origin,
resins of natural and artificial origin, Pandalloy, Magnox, Titanal, Silumin, Hidumilliulll,
Zirconium, Alelad, Scandium, Goltan, Niobium, Beryllium, Molybdenum, Tin, Uranium, Platinum, Phosphate Minerals, Potassium, Metallurgical Carbon, Lithium, Neodymium, Lanthanum, Europium, WoLframio, Bismuth, Granite, Stainless Steel, or not- metallic, such as plastic materials or polymers. There is the possibility of being able to use the manufacturing means of this invention to also be able to manufacture other types of designs, formats, alloys, based on products of all kinds, including organic and inorganic. Being able to make meshes, networks, spheres of products of nanotechnology origin, graphene, composites, plastics, fabrics, textiles, powders of any origin and especially of mineral origin and waste to create such products so that they are applicable in any type of existing industry or sector or to exist.
A thin sheet of material that is smooth in the present discovery, as shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12, as an example, comprises a sheet of material 10 having a plurality of parallel lines P (Figure 10) of openings elongated rectangular (12), preferably grooves.
Each rectangular opening (12) and each line P of rectangular openings (12) extends parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the sheet.
Each rectangular opening (12) in a line P of rectangular openings (12) is spaced with respect to the preceding rectangular opening (12), and the rectangular opening (12) that follows it through an intermediate network (14) of solid and Unperforated sheet of material.
In summary, to proceed longitudinally along the line P of rectangular openings (12), there is a rectangular opening (12) followed by an intermediate network (14), followed by a rectangular opening (12), followed by an intermediate network (14), And so on.
When forming a sheet with polygonal openings, the intermediate networks (14) of the adjacent lines of the rectangular openings are outside with respect to each other, in such a way, that when proceeding transversely through the sheet following a line T perpendicular to the central axis of the sheet and passing through an intermediate network (14) of a contiguous longitudinal line P of rectangular openings (12), taking into account the following:
to. The transverse line (7) must pass through the rectangular opening (12) of the next adjacent longitudinal line P of the longitudinal openings (12),
b. then, it must pass through an intermediate network (14) of the following line
longitudinal P contiguous of the longinldinal openings (12)
C. then, it must pass through the rectangular ring (12) of the next adjacent longitudinal line of longitudinal openings, etc.
In this way, rectangular openings (12) that are longitudinally understood alternate with nets 14 transversely across the sheet (10).
It is preferable that the length of each rectangular opening extending longitudinally, when passing along a transverse line T of rectangular openings (12), is different from the length of the rectangular opening (12) that precedes it and the length of the rectangular opening
(12) that follows her.
In other words, the length of each rectangular opening (12) that extends lengthwise is preferably that it is different from the length of the next contiguous rectangular opening (1 2) extending longitudinally along a transverse line T across the width of the sheet, and also, with respect to each rectangular opening (12), the length of each of the four closest rectangular abernlras (12) in the two closest longitudinal lines P of rectangular openings (12) should preferably be also different from that of the rectangular opening (12).
The lengths of the rectangular abernlras (12) that extend longitudinally respective in a transverse line T across the width of the sheet, must be random with respect to each other and alternatively, the lengths of each respective rectangular opening (12) extending longitudinally should be progressively increased in length in a transverse line T across the width of the sheet or decreased in length.
In an alternative embodiment, the lengths of each longitudinally extending rectangular opening (12) are progressively increased in length in a transverse line T across the width of the sheet and the lengths of each rectangular opening (12) that extends longitudinally in the next transverse line T decreases progressively in longinld across the width of the sheet.
The nominal length of the openings (12) ranges from about 10 mm to about 15
mm Desirably from about 12 mm to about 15 mm, and preferably from about 13 mm to about 15 mm.
Thus, a 10 mm aperture is followed by a 10.033 mm, followed by a 10.06 mm, and the width of each rectangular aberulra, or groove, should be from about 0.02 mm to 0.06 mm, preferably from about 0.03 mm to about 0.05 mm and preferably from about 0.04 mm to about 0.05 mm.
The spacing between the arches of openings should be varied based on the properties of the material used for the sheet.
The intermediate network between openings, in turn, ranges from about 2.5 mm to about 4.5 mm, and in this way an intentional 3 mm network must be followed by a 3.5 mm one, followed by a of 4 mm.
In this way, the irregularity is induced in the expanded perforated sheet and by its configuration produces a resistance to settlement and compaction.
A thin sheet of the material used in the invention, as illustrated in Figures Nos. 13, 14, 15 and 16, becomes an expanded and perforated sheet (or with windows) of the material (20) of the invention. , and is provided with a plurality of plurilateral or polygonal openings (22), such as that illustrated with hexagonal openings, and at least one of the polygonal openings is irregular with respect to at least one of the polygonal openings adjoining
For example, the sum of the lengths of the inner edges of the faces of a polygonal opening (22), for example lengths (22a), (22b), (22e), (22d), (22e), and (22f) of Fig. 16, determines a peripheral internal length of a polygonal opening (22) and the peripheral internal length of each polygonal opening (22) when proceeding along a transverse line T of polygonal abelt (22), must be different from the peripheral internal length of the polygonal opening that precedes it and the inner peripheral length of the polygonal opening (22) that follows it. (Figure 15).
In other words, the peripheral internal length of each polygonal opening (22) is different from the
peripheral internal length of the next contiguous polygonal opening (22) in a transverse line across the width of the sheet.
Furthermore, with respect to each polygonal opening (22), the inner peripheral length of each of the four closest polygonal openings (22) in the two longitudinal lines, closest to polygonal openings (22), should preferably also be different from the polygonal opening (22).
The peripheral internal lengths of the respective polygonal openings (22) in a transverse line T across the width of the sheet must be random with respect to each other and alternatively, the peripheral internal lengths of each respective polygonal opening ( 22), they must progressively increase in peripheral internal length in a transverse line T across the width of the sheet O decrease.
In an alternative embodiment, the peripheral internal lengths of each respective polygonal opening (22) progressively increase in length in a transverse line T across the width of the sheet and the internal peripheral lengths of each respective polygonal opening (22) in the following transverse line T progressively decrease in length across the width of the sheet.
The term "irregular", as used herein in the context of the peripheral internal length of at least one of the openings that is unequal to the peripheral internal length of at least one contiguous opening, means that the numerical value of The inequality of the peripheral internal length with respect to the other peripheral internal length is greater than the variation in peripheral internal length produced by the variation in manufacturing or the inherent variation in manufacturing.
While the irregularity of at least one polygonal opening with respect to at least one contiguous polygonal opening has been described in terms of peripheral internal length of at least one of the openings that is unequal to the peripheral internal length of at least one contiguous opening, It should be understood that irregularity can also be produced in other ways, such as having a different number of sides of the polygon (such as a pentagon OR a heptagon with respect to the hexagon) or the length of one side of a polygonal opening that is different on the corresponding side of a contiguous polygonal opening (i.e., greater than the variation or tolerance of the manufacturing as indicated above) or the angle between two contiguous sides of a polygonal opening is different from the corresponding angle between the two corresponding sides of a contiguous polygonal opening, for example, the respective lengths of the side edges of the openings they may not all be the same, (that is, at least one side may not be the same length as any of the other sides, so it provides an opening that has the configuration of an irregular polygon).
Thus, when expanded, perforated sheets are placed one above the other, it is not possible to align the polygonal openings and fit into each other, settling and thereby reducing the effective thickness of the multiple sheets (20).
An expanded and perforated sheet (or with windows) of the material (20) of the present invention preferably has a compression field OR compaction resistance (i.e., permanent formation under a compression weight) of not more than 8% . Ideally, however, there is essentially no compression field in its use.
The expanded and perforated sheet of the material (20) is formed by tensioning sheets of grooved material (10) on wide wheels of different diameters placed in such a way that the output of the sheet of material can be adjusted to an additional width between 50% and 100% of the width of the sheet of initial material, so as to ensure that the resulting openings form a plurality of polygonal openings (22) as described above.
The expanded and perforated sheet of the material (20) desirably has lm surface area per volume unit from at least 3,200 times the contact surface of the liquids / vapors, polluting or non-polluting emissions, liquids, hydrocarbons contained in the closed containers of any kind including pipes, tanks, cisterns particularly to inhibit, suppress, reduce, boiling liquids, prevent explosions of expanding steam, and preferably increase 3,200 times The contact surface of flammable liquids / vapors and gases contained in closed containers or means of transport of such products such as hydrocarbons, gases, liquids, polluting and / or non-polluting emissions.
The term "contact surface" refers to the surface area of the container that is in contact with the gas phase, aerosol or vaporization of hydrocarbons, gases, liquids, pollutant or non-contaminating emissions contained in the container, tank, chimney, gas pipelines, etc.
Normally, flammable liquids (liquid, vapor, spray or gas) are in contact with areas
of the surface of the walls of the container where the flammable fluid is located and the insertion of the sheets of finished, expanded and perforated material increases the surface area in contact with the flammable liquid at least about 3,200 times the contact surface area , preferably at about 3,200 times this contact surface area.
This proportion is significant and to compromise this relative contact ratio to the specific fluid in question, is to reduce the heating and therefore the level of vaporization of said stored products and / or in industrial, commercial and / or energy production / transformation or which can be vaporized by heating the container / container / tank / tank for any environmental, climatic, accidental and / or criminal or terrorist act. This area varies in relation to the conductivity of heat and the strength of the compression field of the material used.
In one presentation, the expanded and perforated sheet of the material (20) that is used in the present invention, and which is illustrated in (Figure 20) as an example, can be configured as a shape comprising a body (100) with an external spheroid shape or configuration.
The internal configuration of the body (100), generally spheroidal, comprises at least one strip of the expanded and perforated sheet of the aforementioned material, which is folded and / or curled and hollowed to form said spheroidal fonna.
The generally spheroidal shape can be formed using a section of the expanded and perforated sheet of the material of a proportional size about 20% of the width of the expanded and perforated sheet of material.
The external spherical perimeter of the spheroid (100) encloses a volume and the surface area of the material contained within that spherical perimeter, that is, within the spheroid (100), subject to the design requirements of the application, is at minus 1.5 square cm per cubic cm of said volume OR wider if required.
The surface area of the material must be at least 3,200 times the contact surface of
flammable liquid contained in the container that encloses the flammable fluid, in particular to inhibit, suppress, reduce, contaminating or non-polluting liquids or emissions.
Preferably, the spheroid (100) has a compression field or compaction resistance, that is, permanent formation under compression, not exceeding 18% (eight percent).
The structural strength of the final product can be modified according to the heat treatment used in the manufacturing process of the raw material.
In an alternative embodiment of this invention, the expanded and perforated sheet of the material
(20) which is used in this invention, as illustrated in Figures 17, 18 and 19 by way of example, is provided with a wavy or sinusoidal transverse wave (42) formed therein and the sheet of material (40 ) wavy, expanded, pierced, being helically introduced in a cylindrical shape.
The cylindrical shape is generally circular in cross-section, and generally rectangular in longitudinal section, and in a later version of this cylindrical presentation, a sheet of flat, expanded, perforated material must be folded into the cylindrical shape. In a new form, the sheet of perforated material must be folded into the cylindrical form, so that depositions of sheets of the expanded and perforated material are formed, flat or corrugated in the cylindrical form.
Due to the undulation (42) formed in the sheet of material (40), with the sheet of material
(40) helically folded, the undulation (42) causes an increase in the effective diameter of the cylinder and thus, the area of the effective surface contained within a certain external spherical perimeter of the cylinder is increased, providing a wide inclusion of volume in cylinders with low mass and high internal effective area.
It is desirable that the cylinder has a compression field, or resistance to compaction, that is, permanent deformation under compression, not exceeding 8%, and yet, ideally, during use there is essentially no compression field .
The sheet of unperforated material (1), from which it starts, must be provided as a net
continuous, non-perforated sheet of material, and then, the rectangular openings (12), or grooves, are formed in the continuous network in the configuration described above, such as may be cracked, and in that case, the grooved network ( 10) It must be expanded transversely by tensioning transversely the sheet of material (10), as above a wheel located in such a way as to regulate the exit of the sheet of material with an additional width of 50% to 100% of the width of the sheet of raw material, so as to ensure that the resulting holes form a plurality of irregularly shaped polygonal openings (22), as mentioned above.
The aforementioned is achieved by adjusting the position and tension of the expansion wheel of the production machine, and in doing so, the result is the ability to have the walls of the finished panel model more or less erect and, therefore, increase The compression force of the expanded sheet of matter1 (20) expanded finished.
Optionally, the expanded and perforated net (20) can have a transverse sinusoidal sling (42) formed therein and the shape of the sling (42) is introduced or impressed into the lengths of the sheet of material (20) as a series of curls or slings (42) transverse along the length of the net that appear deep when the finished product is wound.
The cylindrical shapes can be made by spherical winding of the sheets of expanded and perforated material mentioned above.
The spheroidal fonts (10) can be made by feeding the sheets of the material (20) to which a plurality of arcs have been provided with a plurality of parallel openings (22), of which the longitudinal center is parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the sheet, introducing said sheet into a machine that has a mechanical contraption comprising two concave semicircular sections that work in opposition to each other, and these concave sections (the mobile central and the one covering it, fixed opposite concave) can have a variable radius with a concave work edge.
The central part of the wheel-shaped contraption with the outer part similar to the rim of a bicycle, wheel 3600 with a concave working edge with a friction surface, and the rotation of the feeding sheet in the form of a circular tubular cylinder against the surface
rough of the opposite mechanical gadgets, the mobile central and the external fixed, making the
material fed in the form of a cylindrical tube, is rolled and spheroidal out.
Technical problem:The 21st century is called by many economic analysts as the century of energy.Our current world increasingly demands this invaluable resource.
The problem is that these alternative systems are expensive to manufacture and maintain, for the most part.
Therefore, the use of energy sources must be managed in a rational way, all the more so, since the global perspectives are of an exponential growth of its demand without being clear about its replacement in the short and medium term.
NFUs are tires out of use. Tires that once used have been discarded by users because they are unusable.
As is well known, the final destination of these NFUs is becoming a global environmental problem.
At present, there is a large number of tires stored or simply thrown in illegal landfills, without treatment and without a clear idea of what to do with them, to aggravate this, they are generated even more daily, creating an environmental problem of enormous proportions.
The accumulation of these tires and plastics, in legal and illegal landfills, make these areas lime for rodent, reptile and mosquito cultivation, in some cases, even dangerous transmitters of diseases such as dengue or malaria, which nest comfortably in the rainwater stagnant in them.
So far it has been tried to avoid this, burying or burning the NFUs and plastics.
In the case of landfills, the problem in this case is twofold, since the NFUs occupy a lot of volume in the landfills, and because their degradation time is very long, 600 years in the case of tires and several thousands of years in that of plastics, its
natural degradation cannot be a solution if we want to avoid the pollution that plagues
our planet.
Another solution that has been used is to incinerate them, either to combat frost effects on crops or simply to remove them from the middle, thus causing serious damage to the environment and the health of nearby human and animal populations, due to to dioxins and other toxic substances that an uncontrolled combustion gives off.
Finally, some cement plants and / or thermal plants use them to improve their final products or as a source of energy, but in a crude way in which harmful substances are generated and the potential that this raw material possesses is wasted.
That is why and because of the context in which we find that we propose a proposal for an effective model, to obtain energy and resources of high value and of enormous efficiency, Installing our procedure to transform inorganic materials, NFU, petroleum oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energy through a thermolysis system, and thus be able to meet the world's recycling needs, in such a way and especially, that it is not polluting, with high production capacity and obtaining added value, by the use of materials produced in recycling.
Always having as a principle, respect for the environment and compliance with environmental legislation, so we will make a careful and thorough selection of the technology to apply.
Pollution today is a very important factor for the protection of the living standards of living beings, the environment and mainly the possible warming of the planet by the "greenhouse" effect, there are several opinions for or against these scientific principles, but what is clear that even if the temperatures do not rise or fall as these experts detail it every year, the climatic, seasonal changes, the aggressiveness of nature we perceive more and more every day, occur from tsunamis, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes .. therefore it is obvious that pollution, global warming, increasing desertification globally and unstoppable population growth and increasing consumption of raw materials, food, water, reserves, ... are leaving exhausting, destroying or changing dramatically or in a way.
That is why our invention described here in two ways of use can reduce, cancel, suppress the
Emissions of gases, fumes, vapors, environmental damage to ensure that anyone who is right finally our invention will be valid for both parties but by working, being already independently validated this unique or groundbreaking technology can only favor humidity, the following generations, already improving the environmental, ecological level of our planet and thus reducing our continued damage to it but also doing it economically and financially viable so that none of the people that can be affected do not feel damaged in any way by achieving success of the invention globally and
perpetual.
The filter, suppressor, reducer, filter, entrained, recycler of all types of vaporizations, fumes, gases, leaks of energy-emission, chemical, volatile components of hydrocarbons, liquids, gases, emissions of any kind and / or origin or pollutants and non-contaminants including waves of any type and / or form including electromagnetic; It has been designed to solve the problem described above, based on a highly effective solution, being fully satisfactory in relation to the different aspects mentioned in the previous section.
The object of the invention is to have its application within the industry dedicated to the manufacture of articles, capital goods, hydrocarbon transfonation, manufacturing systems, technologies or / and manufacturing systems to be used as a filter, suppressor, drag, reducer , filter, booster, recycler, accelerator of all types of gases, vapors, fumes, pollutants and / or non-pollutants in any industry exist and / or to exist with this technical and mainly environmental problem.
The filter, suppressor, reducer, heatsink, filter, charge accelerator valve filling / discharging of all types of gases, liquids, hydrocarbons, fumes, sludge, sand, materials and / or materials with polluting emissions within your recycled product contaminants and / or contaminated that introduced into the filling heads of all types of pipes, gas pipelines, pipelines, pipes, hoses, ... increases the speed of filling, loading, unloading independently and the following formula is applied to explain its technical feasibility and innovation as a patent of the invention with its corresponding technical and physical explanation.
Re = 'Vs D / v. (Fonnula n "l) // Re = Reyno number lds -Vs = Characteristic velocity of the fluid -v = kinematic viscosity of the fluid. // Throughout the entire pipeline the flow is laminar, when it reaches the filling point where The filling valve described in this patent is found, the laminar flow of the fluid is transformed into turbulent flow, increasing the Reynolds number.
This benefit of increased speed occurs when using the invention at that point by installing it in a valve, housing, body, base, gasket, system specifically manufactured of any material necessary for its correct, effective and safe installation to achieve the increase of unloading / loading / filling with a speed increase between 20% -50% depending on the type of liquids, gases, hydrocarbons that have to be transported, unloaded, loaded or filled.
The invention, in addition to achieving this speed increase by means of the valve, exit filter, exhaust, discharge / load without the mandatory use of forced injection / compression systems, achieves the total neutralization of static discharges of any kind caused in a natural, environmental way. , accidental and / or intentional which can cause explosions or fires at the discharge / loading / filling points such as refineries, discharge terminals, ports, airports, gas stations, tank trucks, etc.
The invention for its manufacturing system and type of alloys also used within filters, recycling systems, valves makes any type of explosion, fire, spark and / or hot spot reduced, suppressed, dissipated at these specific points of loading / unloading / filling in all types of containers, tanks, cargoes of hydrocarbons, refineries, storage of petrochemical products, etc.
The invention also achieves protection against the growth of algae in stored, expelled liquids and an anti-oxidation protection in containers made of metal materials with the invention installed in new facilities without signs of oxidation and / or algae and / or the physical and / or chemical stoppage of algae growth and oxidation if applied in facilities already operational or already affected with oxidation or algae.
The invention can be installed in all types of smoke, gas, gas pipe, steam, discharge, discharge, oil, gas, pipeline, tank, refinery, terminal and / or pumping systems for hydrocarbons, gases and / or liquids of any kind to achieve this additional and / or individual protection.
The option of being able to hook, link this invention directly from the flue system of the industries in question without going through the chimney finally thus being able to perform the gas escape directly and thus saving the last section and processing with the recycling of Way and form incl faster and more efficient use.
Another option is to be able to use a "bypass" system to be able to choose when it is required to evacuate through the already operating system of a production plant and thus being able to choose the exit path, evacuation of gases, fumes, vapors according to the product that It is being manufactured which may or may not have to be polluting or even allowing the use of the "bypass" to be able to repair, maintain which one you want of the two operating models and thus achieving maximum and full industrial and productive performance by having two types and system of exits, evacuation, expulsion of fumes, gases, vapors, etc.
Not forgetting the economic savings of not having to destroy, change, alter in a greater way the existing plant in nothing and which is already operational and only by hooking, annexing the invention to said smoke outlets, gas evacuation, vapors by a "bypass" "which is open-closed, partially, totally, provisionally and / or totally according to the operational needs of the plant but not putting the plant out of production due to the complexity of the installation of this invention which can be done said fumes via the "bypass" system travel through the operating plant to the location of the recycling plant of this invention and / or by installing it in containers, placing it right next to the already operational and existing chimneys
Technical advantage provided by the invention of the "alloy body" in this pyrolysis invention.
The advantages of this system of use of "alloy bodies" for the patent and increase to achieve additional technological, efficient, ecological and operational benefits of the "Pyrolysis technology and procedure" are:
• Being able to use this invention to perform filtration, cancellation, suppression, cleaning, recycling of air, vapors, gases, atmospheres, pollutants and / or non-contaminants, we can add to this filtration system another system such as to increase the speed of the movement of said flows in said filtration circuits with our alloys performing the operations of filtration, cleaning, dragging, etc.
• Achieving the cooling, cancellation of static charges in order to, if required, be able to carry out the invention at a higher speed and especially thus increase the process for the movement of fluids, fluids of the liquids of the invention in a "closed circuit" but also making use of the invention with another modality of "open circuit" in which said systems combined with each other we can achieve that the air filtration system, its recycling, retention, drag, cleaning of products, particles, suspended objects and / or in liquids of the cleaning system of malignant origin and / or benign retained, dragged, blocked, retained in said filters, even atmospheric airs can be filtered and deposited in other parts of the invention as cleaning and / or recycling tanks while continue injecting certain liquids and / or clean waters to continue with said recycling, washing, dragging and while the waters, residual liquids with the Retained particles and / or contaminating products can begin their process.
• It is a system of decontamination, partial and / or total recycling in other sectors of the process inside and / or outside the invention in general by chemical, physical, electrical, magnetic, wave processes, so that they can be neutralized, recycled, transporters in a manner individually and / or through chemical products and / or through electrical, physical techniques to nullify its polluting value and / or to even be removed, recycled, stored for later use, sale, recycling in the same industry or another if desired but not assuming that said fumes, vapors, leaks, pollutants can reach the atmosphere and / or rivers, reservoirs, water reservoirs, thus closing the possibility that said suspended particles, particles obtained by dragging, filtration of origin of the gases, vapors, fumes reach living beings and / or the environment as a whole and / or partially due to the high level of filtration, drag, efficiency ia, productivity, cleaning, filtering, dragging of the entire invention.
• Performs 100% of the gas suit, such as those called C02, ca, S02, S03, and other emissions of natural and / or artificial origin, both in the "Closed Circuit" version and in the version of "Open Circuit" of the invention, reaching 100% of full performance and recycling.
• Avoid the harmful effects of air pollution. The emissions of C02, ca, S02, S03, are generally accompanied by various emissions of soot, smoke, heavy metals and other pollutants that affect most living organisms.
In sickly living organisms, it damages, even being able to kill by external (skin), internal (digestive) contamination, by blood (poisoning), asphyxiation (pulmonary), from a certain threshold and a certain duration to exposure. Its chemical properties make it capable of rapidly traversing many types of biological, physical, environmental membranes, producing fast and / or slow damaging effects as in the case of air pollution (acid rain) mainly in the pulmonary systems (mining) and / or in the central nervous system of living beings, plants, eco-systems which said toxicity in low, medium and / or high amounts will affect gradually and exponentially in said living beings.
• It reduces atmospheric environmental pollution. The transposing means that use oil (cars, trucks, airplanes, cargo ships ...) are an important source of emissions of C02, CO, S02, S03, ... and natural, fortuitous, intended fires for the expansion of Arable land and / or livestock (Brazil-Amazonas), are the first cause of the increase in such global environmental air pollution without industrial pollution. The effect of human activities on the global warming of our planet's climate is becoming well known through numerous studies, but its impact of acidification of the marine environment is much less known, since few years ago researchers have been interested for him.
In many cases, protecting the global contamination of the industries, means of transposition and emission of pollutants, being able to use it or adapt it to all industries, without requiring large works and / or infrastructure expenses for its installation. and / implementation, but a simple coupling of the invention.
• The recycling system of this invention in combination with the speed booster system of this invention refers to the increase in productivity, performance, thus avoiding the lack of efficiency which increases the loading / unloading / filling costs of all types of tanks , means of transport such as tankers, tankers, transportation of hydrocarbons by land in areas such as refineries, loading / unloading terminals entails economic and safety expenses which are subsequently passed on to the fine consumer l.
• Prevents the loss of high operational load and / or discharge of liquids of high energy value such as petrochemical products at the most dangerous and / or expensive moment of the entire process of the movement of materials, C0l110 liquids, sludges, liquids of Dangerous value, recycled, chemical products, polluting products such as heavy metals, harmful, nuclear and saving at this point by increasing and increasing the discharge speed I filling is something that can easily be introduced to achieve time savings, economic increase for being less time in places of loading / unloading, parked, docked and / or stopped in loading terminals I download, the lower cost of taxes and / or fees of the ports / airports / tenninal / gas stations that are calculated by minutes and hours thus being able to recycle, transport liquids, masses, arenas, lands, sludge to other places for recycling and can also be another source of love Tization of this invention by the non-loss of any of the sectors of the production chain of a plant, factory, industrial or transformation of energy types as examples of this recycling chain. Fact that increases productivity and has an important financial value.
The saving and greater amortization of the goods or means of transport of the waste, sludge, recycled products after recycling by our invention for being able to increase the transit time and not loss of productivity in unloading / filling up increasing this unloading system between the 20% -50% according to types of liquids, fluids, gases, sludge, sand, earth, liquids and / or derivatives of hydrocarbon emission products.
Said system introduced within this invention can increase the recycling, filter, trawling, cancellation, suppression of fumes, vapors, gases and / or any type of particles, especially those that are suspended in both the "Open Circuit", because You can process more quickly all the steps of the evacuation of products, materials, in the liquid format to be treated and then distributed, or re-used in the same industries.
In this way, the operator having the possibility of using an even faster system of productivity and a slower system according to the levels of production, use, pollution, and / or environmental regulatory problems of each country, region, national, regional, continental agreement, global and / or international, etc.
Therefore we can offer two systems, the slower-normal speed called the
"Closed Circuit" system, which is based more on low-medium pollution levels and with the filtration, entrainment, cancellation of products, substances through filters and by changing filters of the invention we can ensure that the water / liquids that It is used in this "Closed Circuit" models it is viable and non-polluting and by cleaning its filters placed in different places at the entrance, at the exit of the cooling tanks, storage of said circuit liquids which in the case of its loss due to use, vaporization can be filled with auxiliary liquid / water filling access so that the circuit operates autonomously, self-sufficient and can recycle, clean, obtain said particles, substances within the cleaning of the atmospheres, gases , fumes fumes expelled and / or also getting a greater cooling of the system of the invention and even that of the smoke outlets, leaks, chimneys by not allowing, fa to cite the growth of bacteria, plants, herbs, pollen, seeds, organic plants inside and / or on the walls of the chimneys which over time and / or in their maintenance plans need to be cleaned frequently, maintained, why but the production plant and especially the chimney, exhaust system of the production plant, gas cooling system, vapors, fumes in question perform worse and worse, with higher expenses, lower operating performance and even with increased breakage of operations with its consequent increase in operating cost and operating cost, amortization, productivity in the short, medium and long term.
In view of the figures and / or drawings / diagrams made, you can see:
Figure number 1.- Represents the NFU process of the plant
Figure number 2.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis process.
Figure number 3.- Represents a diagram of the tennolysis and reforming process.
Figure number 4.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis and combustion process.
Figure number 5.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis and combustion process.
Figure number 6.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis reactor and the solids cooler.
Figure number 7.-View of the device
Figure number 8.- Corresponds to a plan view of a sheet of the material that is used in the invention corresponding to sheets that inhibit the explosion of vapors from flammable fluids.
Figure number 9.- Shows an elevated side view taken in cross-section of the object reflected in figure number 8.
Figure 10.- Corresponds to an upper plane of a perforated sheet of the Invention.
Figure number 11.- Shows a side elevational view of the object reflected in figure number 10.
Figure number 12.- Reflects a side view in longitudinal section of the object represented in figure number 10.
Figure number 13.- Shows an upper plane of an expanded and perforated sheet of the material used in the invention.
Figure number 14.- Represents an elevated side view in cross section of the object shown in figure number 13.
Figure number 15.-Corresponds to an enlarged top view of a portion of the object represented in figure number 14.
Figure number 16.- Again corresponds to an elevated side view in cross section of the object reflected in figure number 15.
Figure number 17.-Corresponds to a plane of the top view of a corrugated sheet, expanded and perforated of the material used in the invention.
Figure number 18.- Reflects an elevated side view taken in cross section of the object represented in figure number 17.
Figure number 19.-Corresponds to an elevated side view taken in cross section
of the object shown in figure number 17.
Figure number 20.- Finally represents an elevated side view of a spheroidal shape made in accordance with the invention. Blade expand and pierce the body of the patent.
Figure 21 number A. Shows a side detail of the housing subject to attachment / filling / installation of the patent body. In this case this is an individual piece that will be introduced into the chimney, smoke outlet, catalysts, leaks ..
Figure 21 number B. It shows a front image of the housing subject to the fastening! Filling / installing the patent body.
Figure number 22.- Shows a filtration, drag, air recycling system, leaks, vapors, gases of polluting, non-polluting, natural and / or industrial origin.
Figure number 23.-Side view and explanatory diagram of the vibration circuit of the entire system and smoke circuit: Smoke filtration system with normally water liquids, to reduce all types of polluting or non-polluting emissions into the atmosphere and possible waste recycling.
Figure number 24.-Shows an image of a mobile transport system.
Figure IllmlerO 25.-Shows an image of an environmental filtration system of gases, fumes, vapors, ... emitted by means of transport such as cars, buses, trucks, trains, boats, airplanes, ..
Detailed statement of an embodiment According to the possible embodiment, the examples described below should not
understood only as a limitation of the scope of the invention. On the contrary, the present invention tries to cover all the alternatives, variants, modifications and equivalences that may be included within the spirit and scope of the object of the invention and especially not causing environmental damage, unique ecological with this technology and also being economically viable for obtaining high demand processed materials such as light hydrocarbons and thus closing a complete protection circuit
environmental with profitability and financial viability benefiting society, plant and
All living things with this invention and innovative, portable, effective technologies and products for all parties.
Thermolysis technologies with recovery of liquids and carbon dust / black For the realization of this example it has been assumed that there is a plant capable of processing crushed rubber carbon powder from NFU with the aim of producing fuel liquids and black of pyrolytic coal. The previous processes for obtaining the granulated material free of metal components are not the object of this invention and therefore are not described in this example.
The granulated NFU rubber is introduced into the thermolysis reactor according to the design and productivity level of the plant in question (particle size between 2 mm and 30 mm) at a temperature of 10 ° C_30 ° C and atmospheric pressure through a double hopper system as depicted in Figure 4.
The material falls by gravity from the screw auger to the inside of the reactor, which is at a temperature of 350 ° C-1200 ° C. The NFU particles are transported by the auger located inside the reactor along its hot zone. During this transition there is a rapid transfer of heat from the reactor walls and the auger itself to the NFU particles. Heat transfer occurs primarily through a driving mechanism and is favored by the movement induced by the endless thyme.
The speed of rotation of the screw is adjusted in such a way that the residence time of the solids inside the reactor is the time required for each partial and / or full load of the plant. The energy transmitted to the NFU particles is invested in heating the solid to the decomposition temperature and in promoting devolatilization reactions. The solid leaving the reactor is formed by the pyrolytic carbon black initially added to the NFU and by the unconverted inorganic material and does so at the nominal reaction temperature (35001200 ° C). This solid, for safety reasons, is cooled to 20 ° -40 ° C by means of the solids cooling system shown in Figure 5 that uses water, cooling oils and / or internal ventilation systems, not counting that the alloys internally installed in its manufacture are specially designed for non-thermal-heat wave transmissions
to be able to reduce these temperatures as quickly as possible at temperatures
manageable at 10 ° C-20 ° C.
On the other hand, the gases produced by the devolatilization of rubber, are evacuated from the reactor through the expansion chamber specially designed to favor its rapid disappearance from the hot zone, thus preserving its possible degradation, and are conducted to a condenser type tube housing where partial condensation occurs. This equipment is designed in such a way that the cooling water circulates outside the pipes and the gas stream to be cooled inside in a countercurrent configuration. The condenser can use a closed circuit of cooling water at a temperature of 20 ° C that leaves this equipment at 30 ° C. As a consequence of the cooling of the gas stream to a temperature of 40 ° C, its partial condensation is produced by obtaining lithic liquids and a gas whose composition is collected and recycled to create light hydrocarbons.
The components of the patent filter system referred to as the "alloy body" that can be incorporated into the invention of this "pyro lysis" patent in the chimney section, smoke outlet or gas leaks.
It can be manufactured as an object, housing, basket in which a filter, dragger, cleaner, separator, installed in the form of mesh / net / spheres of the invention is placed inside a valve and / or discharge head a smoke outlet, chimney, leaks, etc. Depending on the location of the chimney / smoke outlet, the invention will be coupled by means of a basket, cookie, subject to the subject of the alloys in question may be made of any material which offers resistance to hold, support, resist high temperatures , high atmospheric pressures, sustain and not lose the alloy in its location with the passage of liquids, gases, vapors, fumes. This basket is a piece in which it can be extracted, easily placed and its maintenance is minimal.
The materials used for manufacturing will mainly be plastics, resistant metals of mineral origin, metal, composites depending on the place of use and / or final application and the lightest and strongest possible, but materials, minerals, could also be used alloy with the same compositions of the alloys of the mesh / net / spheres in the format of a metal manufactured with a special mold, made to measure or with pieces made specifically for use and placement within the area, areas, discharge wrench / hydrocarbon load
or liquids
Notable technical characteristics of the invention of the Technology and the I) process of
pyrolysis:
• Machine totally built in stainless steel.
o The light hydrocarbons obtained comply with the national and EEC regulations with reference to the minimum levels of sulfur, sulphides, sulfates and, therefore, the transfer, creation, recycling and use, sale and / or consumption of derivatives is fully legalized. such as hydrocarbons through this invention of raw materials such as rubber (RFU), crude, oils, plastics, inorganic materials, etc.
o Use and application of alloys, minerals and metals with high heat resistance, thermal waves to be able to withstand temperatures above 1200 ° C-16000C depending on the raw material being recycled described in the U201330074 -P201330057 patent of the applicant to achieve the highest and better performance of said invention.
• Closed recycling cycle.
o There are no air emissions of any kind at any stage. The exhaust system or exhaust pipe is redirected or / and internally blocked for the transformation of accumulated gases into light hydrocarbons at the same time not emitting pollutant gases into the atmosphere in any part of the process of the operation of the invention. There is no environmental pollution being the gases generated mainly transformed into light hydrocarbons.
o Full cycle time <24 h.
o Unlimited production capacity for both individual units and the technical union of several units.
o Connection between containers, very simple operation process systems.
o Electronic control of all machine parameters by means of sensors specific to the invention and its operational control, safety and accident prevention for both physical, operational, environmental and productivity personnel.
o Rotating floating oven without chimney with a consumption of 1 OK W 350 K W depending on final design. In the case of having a chimney as an emergency gas outlet, it is being blocked internally and / or redirecting towards the point of transformation of gases to light hydrocarbons in the chamber of
gas treatment, reactor and / or furnace according to the final design and raw material
It will be used.
o Heat reduction outside the oven of 70% ~ 94% «30 ° C_40 ° C).
O Oven rotation system with single-phase three-phase motor of I KW7 KW at 1,5rpm-13,5 rpm.
o Thermal temperature control system for the process of obtaining crude oil with a consumption of 1 KW-15 KW.
o Truck carrying tires for loading and unloading the oven.
o Machine manufactured according to CE standard.
o Approximate production of 1000 liters-20,000 liters per full load of the machine according to design.
o Obtaining approximately 1,000 kg20, OOOkg of steel for each full load of the machine according to design.
o Approximately 1,000 kg-20,000 kg of carbon black for each full load of the machine according to design.
o Approximate production of 0.3 m3-9.9 m3 of gas for each full load according to design.
o Installation of active and passive process alarms.
o Optimum tire grain size for the process between 0.5mm and 30mm.
o Stopcocks for flow control.
o Electric-electronic control panel with control console.
o It does not leave "tar" residues and / or contaminating residues such as tar / sheet pots of that type for using "clean technology in the recycling process".
o Steel wire is collected completely clean and completely ready to be recycled and / or re-melted.
o The process works without any external fuel. The gas that is released in the process, we use to feed an engine that in turn moves a generator that produces the energy we need for the entire process (being able to use part of it for other needs), self-feeds.
o Carbon black is reused to increase the abrasion resistance of new tires, increasing tensile strength and wear resistance.
o Carbon black is also used as a pigment, and as a component for "anti-radar", "high intensity solar panels", etc.
o C0l110 source can be used for "nanomaterials".
The invention achieves that the gas obtained can and being its design be used to not pollute atmosphericly by means of said process, therefore in the case of the recycling of successes, crudes, and veneers, being able to recycle up to 75% -95% of all the raw material introduced in light hydrocarbons C0 l110 diesel, naphtha, gasoil, kerosene through a refining system called "cracking" in the petrochemical sector. In the case of rubber raw material, NFU obtaining light hydrocarbons is around 40% -85% depending on the quality, use, numbers of particles introduced to the process and also obtaining other raw and / or transformed materials such as wire of iron, metals, carbon dust that also goes in proportion to the quality, weight, number of particles introduced of rubber / rubber, NFU, in each load.
Thermolysis technology + combustion and recovery of black / coal dust. The following example shows the thermolysis and combustion cycle that aims to produce paralytic carbon black and thermal or electrical energy. It has been considered as calculation basis I kg / h of granulated rubber from NFU that is introduced to the thermolysis reactor at 20 ° C. The devolatilization of this material inside the reactor object of this invention at 550 ° C, pressure of 1 bar and residence time of the solid of at least 01, seconds to 2.5 minutes will produce lithium carbon black of a gas formed mainly by hydrocarbons. Although lithium pyrocarbon black can be cooled and stored for later use, the gas stream produced at 300 ° C · 550 ° C is taken to a combustion chamber where it reacts with 20% excess air producing combustion total with a high adiabatic temperature.
The combustion chamber is equipped with a heat recovery system to which the gas yields, which causes its temperature to drop until it can be transformed into light hydrocarbons. This hot gas is then conducted to the outside of the thermolysis reactor in such a way that it yields part and / or the maximum of its thermal energy until reaching a temperature to carry out the cracking and / or transformation system. from gases to light hydrocarbons. This heat given off by the gas is transferred to the interior of the thermolysis reactor thus producing the devolatilization of the material. The still hot combustion gas is brought back to the heat recovery system to which it yields until it reaches a transformation temperature. At this time, the chimney outlet is used to redirect said gases to carry out the "cracking" or refining process, creating new ecologically transformed products such as diesel, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, etc. .
The surplus of technical energy produced can be used to supply heat to other processes that require it and / or to produce electricity through a steam cycle so that the plant and / or invention is totally self-sufficient. In that case, if an efficiency of conversion to electricity is considered and energy could be produced for each kg of processed tire, in addition to producing the aforementioned carbon black lithium.
Thermolysis technologies - obtaining black / coal dust and creating light liquid fuels such as hydrocarbons, diesel, gasoline, gasoline, etc. An example is described below in which the results of a thermolysis + combustion cycle of lithium pyro black are shown and in which liquid fuels are recovered. It is considered a plant in which as raw material are introduced crushed rubber from used tires. A design is proposed in which the plant is operational for 7,500-h / year-8500 hours per year which leads to a tire consumption. This feed (used tire feed current (FI) in Figure 5) is introduced cold from a hopper system as described in the present invention and falls into the screw-type reactor in which it joins inside with another stream of hot solids at 800 ° C from a combustion reactor (hot absorbent recycle (F 19) in Figure 5).
The sensible heat that carries the stream of hot solids (hot sorbent recycle (F19) in Figure 5) compensates for the energy needed to heat the fed rubber (used tire feed current (Fl) in Figure 5) and the energy needed to perform its decomposition, so that the final temperature of the mixture reaches between 350 ° C550 ° C. Under these conditions, spontaneous partial decomposition of the rubber occurs producing a gas phase current (stream of volatilized products of the gas phase tire (F3) in Figure 5) and a solid one (hot pyrolytic carbon black current (F2) in Figure 5). The gas phase current has a mass flow rate and is conducted to a condensation system type shell-tubes in which circulate cooling water, assisted ventilation systems and / or use of special alloys for rapid cooling and / or protection against high temperatures that enter at a temperature of 10 ° C_20 ° C and leave at 20 ° C-30 ° C. The gaseous stream is cooled to a temperature of 40 ° C resulting in the condensation of liquid fuels (liquid fuel stream (F5) in Figure 5). On the other hand, the uncondensed stream (stream of non-condensed gaseous products towards the combustion reactor (F21) in Figure 5) has a mass flow and is conducted to a burner located in a combustion reactor.
For its part, the solid stream will be a mixture of paralytic carbon black formed during
the decomposition of the rubber and the stream of hot solids previously introduced into the reactor. This stream of solids is transported to a combustion reactor where it is burned together with the non-condensed gas stream.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings, in those that with illustrative and non-limiting nature have represented the following:
Figure number 1.- Represents the NFU process of the plant A) Represents a diagram of the NFU input process by a chain system beginning with the process of operation of the plant of the invention. B) Represents the place / means of transport for the rise of the raw material (NFU) to the nozzle.
C) Represents the point of entry / measurement of matter to the nozzle / reactor at which the particles are already cleared / degregated into particles / units of 0.0 I mm-50mm of the raw material (NFU / Inorganic Plastics).
D) Meter / doser and pressure system to caking inorganic materials of the
chopped rubber, plastics and a main / alternative point of crude oil or used oils. E) Reactor / oven. It represents the point of entry into the reactor / oven of the invention. F) Represents the point where the metal is magnetically / manually separated from the
raw material transfonation (NFU) metals, irons, wires, etc. G) Represents the point / zone of the carbon dust rise / conveyor system for cooling and storage. H) Represents the silo / warehouse of carbon dust for later collection and final transfer. (Recycling).
1) Represents the cyclon / turbine zone of the upper part of the furnace / reactor which sends / transports the furnace gases to create by means of the light hydrocarbon cracking / refining system.
J) Represents the place indicated as Tower / warehouse of hydrocarbon type raw materials at its point of distillation / storage.
K) Represents the place where the control of the transformation of gases to hydrocarbons is
directed electronically or informatically by means of hardware and software systems which direct and supervise the coordination, supervision and correct operation of the entire plant partially or totally.
L) Represents the gas chamber / gas transfonation to light hydrocarbons. M) Represents where the gas is transported to the Storage Tower for cooling and transformation into light hydrocarbons.
N) In the case of emergency, it represents the possibility of opening a gas outlet to the outside to be burned or to be redirected to the gas chamber for its transformation to light hydrocarbons depending on the final design of the plant and / or matter used premium.
O) Represents the tanker truck and / or means of transport of the diagram and can be any other means of transport as a railroad car, which is located in the filling / loading sector of the Tower where the recycled hydrocarbons classified as Light hydrocarbons under the regulations of the EEC both by environmental directives but also by the low level of sulfides in these hydrocarbons and in diesel, kerosene, gasoline, naphtha, produced and 70 from recycled raw materials such as rubber, crude, oils, plastics , etc.
P) Side / bottom / top access according to the design to access the oven for manual emptying, cleaning and / or maintenance. Q) Emergency exit and gas ignition in case of overpressure of the plant or pressurized chambers.
R) Re-addressed gas inlet / outlet in case of not requiring emergency escape of said gases, being processed and subsequently transported to the distillation / filtration tower.
S) Sector of the location / installation of alloys for the retention / filtration / creation of light hydrocarbons through the passage of gases through alloys in this sector. In the case of wishing to filter gases of any kind, said zone / sector can be activated in reverse to be able to trap the contaminating particles and their subsequent removal and storage in the lower part of this distillation / filtration tower, marked with the letter T.
T) Place of storage of light hydrocarbons after the transformation of the gases obtained from the process of this invention, and its subsequent valve / s and discharge pipes to the external means of transport.
U) Electric generator / hydrocarbons which can operate in a self-sufficient way
through hydrocarbon fuels created in said plant.
Figure nllDlero 2.- Represents a diagram of the tennolysis process.
Figure number 3.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis and reforming process.
Figure number 4.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis and combustion process.
Figure number 5.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis and combustion process.
Figure number 6.- Represents a diagram of the thermolysis reactor and solids cooler. 1 Thermolysis reactor 2 Carbon black lithium cooler 3 Condenser 4 Gas burner 5 Refurbishing reactor (for de-volatilized products) 6 Heat recovery 7 Thermal machine (engine or turbine) 8 Alternator 9 Combustion reactor De-volatilized products 10 Steam cycle 11 Combustion reactor 12 Upper hopper 13 Lower hopper 14 Valve 15 Feeder auger 16 Reducing motor (feeder) 17 Internal housing 18 Expansion chamber 19 Gas outlet duct 20 Worm screw conveyor 21 Central axis (de1 endless reactor) 22 Closing system (endless reactor) 23 Reduction motor (endless reactor)
24 Drag gas inlet
25 outer shell26 Solid outflow duct27 Thyme solid cooling auger28 Inner casing (of the solid cooler auger thyme)29 Outer shell (of the screw screw solid cooler)30 Baffle plates31 Fixed tube (thermal fluid access)32 Closing system (thermal fluid access)33 Chamber (loss receiving)
Currents and flowsFI Used tire feedF2 Carbon black hot lithic coalF3 De-volatilized products of the gas phase tireF4 Cold Pyrolytic Carbon BlackF5 Liquid fuelsF6 Non-consensual gaseous productsF7 Energy flow from the gas burner to the temlolysis reactorF8 Flue gas emitted and which are redirected to a storage sector and / or readdressed internally for its transfonation of gases to light hydrocarbonsF9 Air to carry out the combustion of gasFIO Water and / or air vapor Or mixtures thereof FII Gaseous products converted to hightemperatureF I2 Energy flow from heat recovery to the thermolysis reactorF 13 Low temperature converted gaseous productsFI4 AirF 15 Flue gasFI6 High temperature combustion gasF 17 Energy flow from heat recovery to a steam cycleF 18 Low temperature combustion gasFI9 Hot absorbent cycleF20 Fresh absorbent intakeF21 Gaseous products not condensed to the combustion reactor
Figure number 7.-View of the device
Waterproof feeding system
A) First trombone
B) Second trombone
C) Storage tank
D) Gas outlet
E) Guillotine valve
F) Endless screw
Figure number 8.- Corresponds to a plan view of a sheet of the material that is used in the invention corresponding to sheets that inhibit the explosion of vapors from flammable fluids.
Figure 9 shows a raised side view taken in cross section of the object reflected in figure number 8.
Figure number 10.-Corresponds to an upper plane of a perforated sheet of the invention.
Figure 11l'lmerO 11.-Shows a side elevation view of the object reflected in figure number 10.
Figure number 12.- Reflects a side view in longintdinal section of the object represented in figure number 10.
Figure number 13.- Shows an upper plane of an expanded and perforated sheet of the material used in the invention.
Figure 1, Figure 14.- Represents an elevated side view in cross section of the object shown in Figure 13.
Figure number 15.-Corresponds to an enlarged top view of a portion of the object represented in figure number 14.
Figure number J6.-Again corresponds to a side view elevated in section.
cross section of the object reflected in figure number 15.
Figure IllmlerO 17.- Corresponds to a plane of the top view of a corrugated sheet, expanded and perforated of the material used in the invention.
Figure number 18.- Reflects an elevated side view taken in cross section of the object represented in figure number 17.
Figure number 19.- Corresponds to an elevated side view taken in cross section of the object shown in figure number 17.
Figure IlllmerO 20.-Finally represents an elevated side view of a spheroidal shape made in accordance with the invention. Expanded and perforated sheet of the patent body.
Figure number 21 A. Description of the drawings of the system for fastening the alloys in the filter, basket / cookie system of the invention.
It shows a side detail of the housing subject to fastening / filling / installation of the patent body. In this case this is an individual piece that will be introduced into the chimney, smoke outlet, .. This fastening system / housing or packing of the patent body is perfectly inserted inside the valve so that all the flow of the liquid hydrocarbons, ... pass through it according to the design of the valve, and the fluid can enter and exit on the A side, and on the B side and vice versa. On the A side and on the B side there is a bar that has the function of keeping the patent body fixed inside the housing, but also has the objective of being able to facilitate, engage and thus introduce or reduce said object inside the chimney In an easy way.
A.) Inlet or outlet of the flow and fluid of the liquid hydrocarbons.
Installed housing that can work in both directions as it is being used
to download or fill.
Figure 21 IlllmerO B. It shows a front image of the housing object of the fastening / filling / installation of the patent body. This object / housing / basket can be made of the same material as that used in the patent body, but instead of net / mesh! spheres, in an alloy piece format specifically made to be able to make said object. Without
limit that said housing / basket subject to the holding of the patent body can be manufactured
also for any existing material, including plastic. A) Mesh / netting spheres which are also used to filter suspended particles
or dirt of hydrocarbons in which cleaning is very easy to refine any object of large dirt, normally and to be able to remove the housing, filter basket, and with a compressed air gun, to be able to blow the entire housing I basket , in order to remove the suspension particles which can be: sand, mud, palms, leaves, .. being easy and very economical maintenance. The installed housing can work in both directions as it is being used for unloading or filling.
Figure number 22.- Shows a filtration, drag, air recycling system, leaks, vapors, gases of polluting, non-polluting, natural and / or industrial origin.
A) Distribution I (Layes Distribution): At this point it is placed in any way necessary by the inventor one or more layers, combination, levels of alloys which serve to cool the exit of fumes and / or gases but also to block, stop, drag, the rise of the gases towards their natural and / or compressed outward exit.
In this diagram you can see that there are three layers located, installed in the last three different places, going up the chimney towards its upper exit. Each layer serves to slow down, filter, drag the previous level until it reaches the point of being dislodged by the drag of the liquids to the next layer, reaching the final layer of the filter system, where there is no longer any level of contamination .
B) Liquid water heater I: At this point to the right of the diagram it is seen how from the bottom it reaches the converter / water heater of external origin and / or through the closed circuit system the liquids or fluids that will rise by the chimneys, smoke outlet, leaks towards the top and by means of a type of "shower / ejector" of liquids, waters, products these liquids fall in a natural way of gravity and so by means of a compressor on the raw layer of the alloy Which this act of washing, recycling achieves that the alloys that have been trapped I dragged I dragged, .. said particles are therefore dragged to the second level and thus to the third level and finally to the level of fluid collection , liquids of said products, contaminants.
C) Water coolers: You can drill, attach more access to the washing system of these
Alloy layers by incorporating external and / or internal washing system so that the entire process can be made more efficient and faster and at the same time it is used to cool the gases, fumes, vapors expelled by and / or by such chimneys, gas leaks, etc.
O) Arrows: they indicate that the vapors with the air and their heat rise upwards, towards the natural exit.
E) Black arrows: they indicate the entrainment of the gases interspersed with the liquids that have been falling and / or being injected by each level so that when said vapors cool down and when they become which they tend by physics to be dragged to the bottom and rec tank of the water cooling tank.
The steam being cooled by its passage through the layers of the alloys and by its great thermal, calorific, expansive and heat dissipation qualities of the alloys is achieved from steam to material, product and remains glueing, trapped, dragged attached to the alloys and then with the liquid cleaning and / or cleaning water said cold continental materials are dragged into the recycling tank in which there can be installed one or several filters to recycle through a "closed circuit" system described above and / or being able to be redirected to another part of the system, design of the invention where all the filtered materials can be recycled, canceled, reused, stored, transported for recycling in greater depth in the case of heavy materials, high economic value and / strategic materials. Water or liquid already treated and / or with normal pH levels and without contamination can be reused within the "closed circuit or open circuit" model as finally desired to be located.
What should be noted is that each type of chimney, due to its design, type of gases, vapors, fumes, ... specific alloys have to be used for each case and especially in the case of chimneys with high industrial performance and very high temperatures The combinations of the alloys must be able to withstand long-term exposure to extreme temperatures, heat, technical, pollutants to perform this service and being the alloys something fundamental and unique to achieve 100% atmospheric cleanliness levels.
Therefore, with the invention, the expulsion of gases, fumes, vapors is 100% zero of
Any harmful product such as CO2, sulfur, heavy metals, carbons, sulfates, sulphides, etc. Which demonstrates the innovation and global importance of this invention for both humanity and the environment.
In the layers of distribution and / or placement of the layers of the alloys, a greater surface of action, dissipation, of the technical, heat and / or vapor waves, gases, fumes expelled from the industry is achieved.
In some parts of the world, especially in the tropics or countries with high levels of air humidity in the atmosphere, which already has large numbers of atmospheric impurities such as the environmental load of seeds, pollen, dust, etc.
These impurities stick to the walls of the inside of the chimneys, which grow organic materials, plants, herbs, stubble, etc. Which are slowing down, canceling the efficiency of the chimneys, requiring maintenance, cleaning and, finally, the expulsion of these vapors, fumes, gases will be done at a higher temperature, in worse industrial conditions because the fault will not be as effective and causing future damage. The whole process.
Using our invention is another help, a solution that can be provided for any industry with any type of problem anywhere in the world.
The dissipation of our alloys are very high and can exceed (202 Watt / m.k2).
The cooling system and "closed circuit system" works as follows:
• Vaporization of the first each in contact with the alloys for cooling.
• Direct heat transfer of alloys and the next alloy layer.
• Direct contact of steam, gases, fumes with the initial layers of elations
The alloy also pennite the anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion of the systems inside or part of the "Closed Circuit" system although in contact with water, or corrosive liquids, contaminants trapped by water washing, liquids from the alloys of continuously and for long periods of time.
The system being a closed cell and even adding several units of small dimensions could be applicable to means and transport of private, civil, military, logistic, private, public use as in the avionics, naval, buses, trucks, trains, boats because this closed circuit system could be placed under or inside the vehicle in question and when passing such fumes, gases, vapors by our invention the invention would make 100% of the recycling of gases, polluting fumes and only expelling vapors NO pollutants, therefore not having to change the entire transport industries to electrical means such as batteries, batteries, hydrogen until they were really viable and even the production of such transport means were actually less polluting in their manufacture, cheaper, and more viable in its operation due to its use by speed, autonomy for its global and daily use because finally the batteries they are loaded with energy created in industrial thermal plants, therefore they are not globally as eco-logical as they claim to be while with our invention it would be by introducing a viable and functional system and changing the catalyst of the transport medium if it had it and / or add our invention inside somewhere, under, inside the trunk, chassis and thus be able to maintain competitive prices and thus be able to move forward in the search for alternative energy in a more economical and more viable way for all industries in the world of transport both air, naval or land.
The systems of the invention "Open Circuit" is more viable for the industry because in this medium if the use, collection, filtration, storage of all components, contaminant products are pennite to be subsequently recycled especially for the energy, productive industry, transformer because the "Closed Circuit" system does not need so much technology due to the use of disposable filters in each revision and only in exceptional cases they have to be filled with a liquid, coolant and / or simply water tank for its operation.
Figure number 23.-Side view and explanatory diagram of the vibration circuit of the entire system and smoke circuit: System called "Open circuit recycling system" System of filtration of fumes by dragging with normally water liquids, to reduce all types of polluting or non-polluting emissions into the atmosphere and possible recycling of waste.
A.-Smoke inlet
B.-Smoke outlet into the atmosphere
c.-Water / liquid tank, coolants, liquid fluids D.-Thickener decanter
E.-DepositM.-Component Neutralizer.H.-Filling area of the patent body, acting as a filter of the hUlllos.l.-Drop system, gravity water shower, to drag particles downin the fumes
J.-Final part of the exit of the filtered fumes from the chimney.
K.-Tower, chimney, emission evacuation pipe in which it can be used in industry (refineries, thermal plants, chemical plants) transports with high levels of pollution, such as aviation, ships, building chimneys. L.-Deposit liquefaction section of pollutant particles from the liquid drag of the chimney! filtration I vaporization. ("Watering Icleaning / purification section / deposit of contamination waters from the chimney filtering I vaporization chimney fumes")
Fumes, gases, vapors, leaks, expulsions from a de facto estuary, chemical plant, power plant, recycling and / or industrial plant, heating / environmental systems in community buildings, housing blocks, residences, hotels, means of transport includes aeronautical, land, sea, space transportation including all types of fumes / public or private building emissions with heating, sanitary water, air conditioning and air filter control systems are filtered with the patent body to reduce, suppress any type of air pollution which directly or indirectly damages the environment or the ecosystem at national, continental and / or global level.
Fumes, gases, vapors, leaks of polluting and / or non-polluting origin but may be contaminants due to their dirt, light blockage, in visual ways such as smoke pollution from heavy industries, contaminated from combustion enter the chimney by point "A".
These fumes rise up the chimney and are in countercurrent with the water and / or liquids that fall from a shower system and / or gravity drop (water can also be done by compression, pressure, etc.) through of the filters of the patent having the quality of increasing the contact surface of the liquids in their fall by gravity, with the fumes ascending through said net / mesh / spheres of the patent having the advantage of increasing the surface of contact between the liquids that fall and the smoke particles that rise in a
3200% (Figure 23) we can see the flue gas filtration system with liquids
normally water, to reduce all types of polluting or non-polluting emissions to the atmosphere and possible recycling of waste).
Water / liquids carry the contaminating particles into the "e" tank. At the same time the COz, CO, S02, S03. N0203 and NOx, and any other including heavy metals, and / or strategic when coupled with water / liquids form the corresponding acids carbonic acid, carbonic acid, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, etc.
Said products, recycled materials, dragged, filtered by our invention which accumulate in the tank "e" together with the water or drag liquid.
Water with its accumulated particles and accumulated acids in the tank pass to the "M" tank, which is a neutralizer.
In which the acidity of acids is reduced by varying sU PH until neutralization by adding until complete neutralization (pH = 7), soda (Na OH) or caustic soda (K OH). In this tank "M" all components are neutralized.
Neutralized liquids from the "M" tank pass to the "D" tank which is a heavy decanter.
The particles dissolved in the liquid as well as the neutralized components are deposited in the lower part of the tank "D", a decanter tank by gravity, normally nitrates, carbonates and sulfates are deposited that are collected in the lower part of the tank by opening the tap / tap / valve "F".
Collecting these sludges, muds, liquids, sands, concentrations of the particles at point "G", which can be taken to recycle to a recycling plant or transported to other plants for subsequent individual recycling to be re-used and / or being able to be sold by creating a new income for the recycling plant making environmental and economic viable for its use of everything recycled and especially for the possible payment, payment of carbon credits / credits by other industries with large tax burdens for their emissions Continuous or penalties, charges, fines, etc.
The leftover water from tank "D" overflows and goes directly to tank "E" where a pump will
it drives again to the shower / drop of agual1 liquid by gravity completely neutralized and cleans by closing the cycle.
It is a closed cycle that means that the fumes that leave through the point «S» have 0%, C02, ca, S02, so, NOX avoiding what is known as the "acid rain" and the environmental and ecological prejudice that this entails.
The pennite system regulates the flow of water / liquid to increase or decrease the dragging of contaminating particles. At the same time being a closed circuit we avoid environmental pollution.
The tank "E" incorporates an automatic / manual mechanism in which a decrease in the volume of the liquid (water) of 10% (ten percent) is filled from the outside automatically / manually.
The sludge control in the "O" tank should be checked periodically to eliminate waste particles even automatically or manually by installing a warning system for the weight accumulated by its subsequent recycling according to the needs of the operator.
The by-products, derivatives concentrated in the sludge or mud collected can be recycled to obtain sulfuric acid, nitric acid, necessary elements for the chemical industry and / or industrial processes.
A) In the lower pane or holding body of the basket or body of the patent, it will be held for the non-fall of the body of the patent by a trellis or valve so that in the case of rain or street cleaning by water I liquids, said water would pass through the ventilation holes of the lid and thus the external liquid could pass through the body of the patent as in the chimney of Figure 16 and thus continue to function as a sewer and thus allowing the passage of liquids outside the underground water system.
By introducing a casing, a basket of a material like that of plastic and introducing the invention in mesh format I network I sphere we can achieve that said invention has benefits of increased discharge speed of 20% -45%, that there is no possibility of
"static or static sparks", for any reason, even for the download speed of the
hydrocarbons or liquid by the hose, the friction of the clothes and by storms and / or static charges in the environment.
We now explain the technical principles of the invention in its original format which is the fundamental part of this invention of "discharge valve", and its applications in this sector of safety and protection at the point of discharge in refineries, gas stations, tenninals of download, etc.
In one presentation, the expanded and perforated sheet of the material (20) that is used in the present invention, and which is illustrated in (Figure 13) as an example, can be configured as a shape comprising a body (100) with an external spheroid shape or configuration.
The internal configuration of the body (100), generally spheroidal, comprises at least one strip of the expanded and perforated sheet of the aforementioned material, which is folded and / or curled and hollowed to form said spheroidal shape.
The generally spheroidal shape can be formed using a section of the expanded and perforated sheet of the material of a proportional size about 20% of the width of the expanded and perforated sheet of material.
The external spherical perimeter of the spheroid (1 OO) encloses a volume and the surface area of the material contained within that spherical perimeter, that is, within the spheroid (100), subject to the design requirements of the application, is of at least 1.5 square cm per cubic cm of said volume or wider if required. The surface area of the material must be at least 3,200 times the contact surface of flammable liquid contained in the container that encloses the flammable fluid, in particular to inhibit, suppress, reduce, contaminating or non-contaminating liquids or emissions.
Preferably, the spheroid (10) has a field of compression or compaction resistance, that is, deformation under compression, not exceeding 8% (eight percent).
The structural strength of the final product can be modified according to the technical treatment
Used in the manufacturing process of the raw material.
In an alternative embodiment of this invention, the expanded and perforated sheet of the material
(20) which is used in this invention, as illustrated in Figures 10, II and 12 by way of example, is provided with a wavy or sinusoidal transverse wave (42) formed therein and the sheet of material (40 ) wavy, expanded, pierced, being helically introduced in a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical shape is generally circular in cross-section, and generally rectangular in longitudinal section, and in a later version of this cylindrical presentation, a sheet of flat, expanded, perforated material must be folded into the cylindrical shape. In a new shape, the sheet of perforated material must be folded into the cylindrical shape, so that depositions of sheets of expanded or perforated material are formed flat or corrugated in the cylindrical fornla.
Due to the undulation (42) formed in the sheet of material (40), with the sheet of material
(40) helically folded, the undulation (42) causes an increase in the effective diameter of the cylinder and thus, the area of the effective surface contained within a certain external spherical perimeter of the cylinder is increased, providing a wide inclusion of volume in cylinders with low mass and high internal effective area.
It is desirable that the cylinder has a compression field, or resistance to compaction, that is, permanent defoffilation under compression, not exceeding 8%, and yet, ideally, during use there is essentially no compression field.
The sheet of unperforated material (1), from which it is split, must be provided as a continuous, unperforated web of material sheet, and then, the rectangular openings (12), or grooves, are formed in the continuous network in the configuration described above, as they may be cracked, and in that case, the grooved net (10) must be expanded transversely by transversely tensioning the sheet of material (10), as above a wheel positioned in such a way as to regulate the exit of the sheet of material with an additional width of 50% to 100% of the width of the sheet of raw material, so as to ensure that the resulting holes form a plurality of irregularly polygonal openings (22), such as It has been mentioned before.
The aforementioned is achieved by adjusting the position and tension of the wheel of
expansion of the production machine, and in doing so, the result is the ability to have the walls of the finished panel model more or less erect and, therefore, increase the compressive strength of the perforated sheet of finished expanded material (20) .
Optionally, the expanded and perforated net (20) can have a transverse sinusoidal sling (42) formed therein and the shape of the sling (42) is introduced or impressed into the lengths of the sheet of material (20) as a series of curls or slings (42) transverse along the length of the net that appear deep when the finished product is wound.
The cylindrical shapes can be made by spherical winding of the sheets of expanded and perforated material referred to above.
The spheroidal fonts (100) can be made by feeding the sheets of the material (20) to which a plurality of arcs have been provided with a plurality of parallel abelt (22), of which the longitudinal center is parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the sheet, introducing said sheet into a machine that has a mechanical contraption comprising two concave semicircular sections that work in opposition to each other, and these concave sections (the mobile central and the one covering it, fixed opposite concave) can have a variable radius with a concave work edge.
The central part of the wheel-shaped contraption with the outer part similar to the rim of a bicycle, wheel 3600 with a concave working edge with a friction surface, and the rotation of the feeding sheet in the form of a circular tubular cylinder against The rough surface of the opposing mechanical contraptions, the mobile central and the external fixed, causing the material fed in the form of a cylindrical tube, is rolled and spheroidal.
Figure number 24.-Shows an image of a mobile transport system. A) Tanker truck with mobile chimney hydraulically, mechanically, electronically, movable / transportable. B) Hydraulic arms which gradually raise and reverse, partially or totally, the inclination angle of the chimney of the invention. C) Wheels of the transport vehicle of the invention, being able to be off-road, chains or selective traction.
D) Truck tractor cab, which its own engine can activate the system of
chimney lift even being able to create enough energy to perform the work of pumping, heating, movement, pressure, compression, filtration, decantation of the circuit of the invention.
E) Direct, indirect or bypass entry pipe, from the exit of the plant that creates contaminating and non-contaminating particles. The entrance of said escapes, gases, vapors, fumes when they are hot physically begin to rise through the chimney of the invention until they reach the first or next layers of the filter system, being able to have an unlimited number and located according to the needs and typology of the class of gas, steam, smoke expelled.
F) Filters incorporating alloys of the invention which are trapped according to the suction of the steam, smoke, gases, until the outside exit of the chimney of the invention (G) Outside exit of the chimney of the invention, the gases, vapors, fumes coming out completely Clean, pollution free and perfectly and environmentally acceptable for having a COz, CO, SOz, S03. NOZ0 3 • etc., 0%, excluding cleaning, dragging of other products and / or harmful properties such as heavy metals.
G) Water washing system, cleaning liquids. Biological cleaning products non-polluting and totally biodegradable. Said washing pressure injected through the entire section of the chimney and even without any pressure system and only using gravity, it is achieved that said cleaning liquids drag from the part of the smoke outlet called Threads which the liquid penetrates and transfers the filters of the alloys which manages to capture and drag the suspended particles which in their state of gaseous vaporization, smoke or steam to touch with the properties of dissipation, cancellation, reduction of their temperature are trapped in said filters and which with washing , fall, lateral pressure of water or cleaning liquids drag all the contamination to the tank / container at the bottom of the chimney called 1.
H) Reservoir I wastewater container of the chimney of the invention which are emptied by its bottom by a lIave / connection called J.
1) Key / connection of container 1.
1) Pipe / connection which transfers the wastewater for decontamination in selected tanks for said execution and through sensors each tank is responsible for carrying out its decontamination through chemical, physical, dynamic, magnetic, electrical processes from the electrolysis to the soda mixture to naturalize polluting products for later use or transportation.
K) Decontamination tank.
L) Decontamination tank, which can be connected to other units according to complexity and length of the decontamination system of the invention.
M) Tube in which it allows the falling of the panicles or contaminating residues to a second storage / collection deposit of the contaminating and / or non-contaminating residues.
N) Conduit of water or already decontaminated liquids that are already redirected through the pipe P to reach the clean water filtration tank R and subsequently passed through the tank S and rises to close a closed cooling and washing circuit of the chimney of the invention .
O) Pipe or conduit for transporting clean water / liquids to the tank R. Its filtering in the container S and its subsequent use going up by T and being expelled by H I and G. P) Pipe or conduit for transporting clean water / liquids to the tank R. Its filtration in the container S and its subsequent use going up by T and being expelled by H 1 and G.
Q) Water filtration and storage tank I clean liquids.
R) Gate of the container R to subsequently rise through T and be expelled by gravity or pressure through points H, HI and G. S) Pipeline to raise water / liquid to points H, HI and G. T) Point Inlet Deposit / Storage of filtered products from deposits
L yM.
U) Pipe connection wrench which transports water or non-polluting liquids to pipe P to reach R, be transported by pipe T and be expelled by H, H I Y
G.
V) Pipe connection wrench which transports water or non-polluting liquids to pipe P to reach R, be transported by pipe T and be expelled by H, H I Y
G.
W) Entrance of the chimney of the plant via direct or indirect connection even by bypass to the chimney of the invention of cancellation of all types of atmospheric, hydroponic, nanotechnological, biochemical, heavy metals and materials / materials of artificial, natural origin, Organic and inorganic
Figure number 25.-Shows an image of the environmental filtration system of the
gases, fumes, vapors, ... emitted by means of transport such as cars, buses, trucks, trains, boats, airplanes, ..
A 1-Entry of fumes, vapors, gases and suspended particles, pollutants and non-pollutants of any origin.
A2 A3 A4 A5 A6-Filtration modules for contaminating and non-contaminating particles.
8 I 82 83 84 85-Output of filtration modules for contaminating and non-contaminating particles.
86-Exhaust of fumes, vapors and gases totally neutralized and environmentally neutral without being able to cause any damage to the environment giving after their analysis of these leaks O% of SO, 0% S030% N, O) 0% NO, 0% NO 0% CO.
c-Vapors, fumes and polluting gases rising towards the central filter of the invention.
e l e2 e3 e 4-Vapors, fumes and polluting gases rising towards the central filter of the invention.
0 1-Water tank with contaminant and / or non-polluting particles filtered in each section / level.
The E2 E3 E4-Exit point of water, disinfectant liquids, anti-grease liquids and / or ecologically non-harmful and biodegradable cleaning products. Said pressure irrigation system is pushed by a pressure pump so that the upper part of the filter can be irrigated, cleaned, and water dropped to the filter as equally and equitably and effectively as possible.
F-Artichoke, water outlet from the previous filter system which works mainly by gravity but can also attach an auxiliary pressure system
G-Water pipe / disinfectant products, cleaning, degreasers which will go to the unit
A3.
H-Water pipe / disinfectant products, cleaning, degreasers which will go to the unit
A4.
I-Water pipe / disinfectant products, cleaning, degreasers which will go to unit A5
J-Water pipe / disinfectant products, cleaning, degreasers which will go to the unit
A6
K-Deposit of water, liquids, detergents or non-polluting cleaning or cleaning products
L-Pressure group to transport fluids and liquids through pipes G, H, 1, 1.
M-Water / liquid exchanger / heater to increase the temperature of said liquids, water, disinfectants, ... to be able to reach the necessary temperature in the case that is necessary as in the case of degreasing the particles retained in the filters by the accumulation, usually being between 50 and 99 degrees but not limiting either up or down in any way.
N-Inlet of water from the outside to refill the K tank and that the decontamination circuit works correctly.
0-Mechanical, electronic or emergency stop closing key.
p-Key for closing or partial or total opening and also emergency if required.
Q-Manual, electronic, sensory stopcock in which you can increase, decrease, close or open the flow rate of liquids to the area for collecting suspended particles.
R-Stopcock to enter the area of collection of particles that can be of any form both in modular designs, drawers, boxes, tubular, cylindrical, ... allowing its collection individually or totally according to the level and / or quantity of particles, substances, wastes which have been filtered and treated within the entire system of the invention.
s-PH neutralizer. NaOH
T-Electrolysis zone for the purification of any particle for decontamination in the case that it has not been obtained in the course of the system of the invention.
u-Sensors, magnetic field, magnets to capture any metal and any size that has passed through the filter system.
v-Detector of heavy metals of high danger like polonium and others of origin / nuclear geiger counter.
WI W2 W3 W4-Auxiliary pressure group at the bottom of each filtration system to ensure the continuous speed of movement of contaminating liquids between one filtration system to the next
x-Accumulation zone of the contaminating and non-contaminating particles already treated by the PH neutralizer (NaOH) for subsequent collection, transport, recycling or destruction according to the economic and environmental importance of these wastes.
y-Zone of spraying, dispersion, vaporization of waters of compressed or gravity origin which said liquids pass through the filter / filters which can be located at any height or distance within each filtration modulus, not limiting its number of units, its design, its location, its thickness or its composition and / or metallic formulation, material
or manufacturing design.
Z-Zone in which the water, liquids through the Y zone, which have already fallen to the bottom of said filtration system and through the source pressure of point Al, or pressure artificially created by the auxiliary pump W2 have already passed through the filter pressed, pushed, moved by the outlet through a pipe to the next filtration module.
ZI-Filter which is trapped collected, annexed, glued, intermingled any suspended particle of any atmospheric, dynamic, hydrodynamic origin, which has come from the exit of fumes, vapors, gases from point Al. The ZI filter can be manufactured with any metallic, organic, inorganic material and with two-dimensional and three-dimensional designs and with any number of sides or angles. Your job is to catch,
collect, drag, cool the ulas pan from A 1 and wash it in the area and which
subsequently said filters can be removed, cleaned, changed, recycled even reused after thorough external cleaning. The cleaning of these filters is important because their job is to perform the decontamination of gases, vapors, fumes and therefore each time said water or liquids with suspended particles pass through each filter more particles will be trapped and cleaner will be the air expelled at the end of the system of the invention in item 8 6.
The liquids with the particles through said filter which will not come out of the outlet 86 because it is not a steam or an outgoing gas will be evacuated through point C4, 04, 85, Q and subsequently treated by points V, U, T , RY finally neutralized of any level of contamination by passing through the point S called PH NaOH neutralizer which the final waste will be collected in an environmentally safe way through point X or waste deposit to be subsequently treated, recycled or destroyed in a way Environmental and / or ecological.

权利要求:
Claims (78)
[1]
1. Procedure for tranSfOrtlmf inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system characterized in that it comprises:
(to) a thermolysis reaction stage inside a thermolysis reactor (1) comprising a solid or hollow auger conveyor (20), wherein said auger conveyor (20) displaces the raw material fed to the thermolysis reactor ( 1) along the same, while the raw material is de-volatilized and / or reacts chemically, giving rise to a solid carbonaceous fraction corresponding to the converted raw material and a gaseous fraction;
(b) the addition to the tennolysis reactor (1) of a gas stream that reduces the partial pressure of 02 inside the thermolysis reactor (1), avoiding oxidation and / or partial combustion of the components of the gas fraction;
(C) the extraction of the gas fraction as it is generated, through an expansion chamber located in the thermolysis reactor (1);
(d) the condensation or reforming or combustion of said gaseous fraction;
(and) the cooling and collection of the raw material converted through a screw auger solids cooler (27).
[2]
2. Procedure for transforming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to the first claim, characterized in that the raw material is selected from a group consisting of polymeric material, fossil fuels and biomass, as well as any of its combinations.
3 Procedure for transforming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the raw material consists of tires out of use.
[4]
4. Procedure to transform inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that where the tennolysis reaction is carried out at a temperature between 30QoC and 160QoC and at a pressure between 0.1 mbar and 10 bar.
[5]
5. Procedure for tranSfOm1af inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the tennolysis stage is carried out at a temperature between 3000C-SOQoC and 600 ° C and a pressure between 0.1 bar and 10 bar.
[6]
6. Procedure for transforming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the residence time of the raw material inside the thermolysis reactor (1) is found between 1 second minutes and 2 hours.
[7]
7. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the residence time of the raw material inside the thermolysis reactor (1) is found between 0.1 second and 4 minutes.
[8]
8. Process for transforming 1Il0rgálllcos, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that when the solid-type cooling auger thyme (27) comprises a hollow shaft, the sub-stage ( e) Cooling and collection of the converted raw material is carried out by means of the use of a cooling fluid that circulates through said hollow shaft of the solid cooler worm screw (27), in addition to the cooling through the outside of the housing comprising said solid cooler auger screw (27).
[9]
9. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the tennolysis reaction step comprises the direct addition of heat to the thermolysis reactor (1) through burners located outside the housing internal to the ternolysis reactor (1) where at least one hydrocarbon is burned, generating heat that directly heats the tennolysis reactor (1).
[10]
10. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the thermolysis reaction stage is carried out inside a thermolysis reactor ( 1) comprising an endless screw conveyor constituted by a hollow shaft through which at least one hot thermal fluid circulates to transmit heat by direct and continuous contact with the interior of the thermolysis reactor (1), favoring the decomposition of matter premium while driving along the screw conveyor (20).
[11]
eleven. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the thermolysis reaction sub stage is carried out in a thermolysis reactor (1) which it comprises an outer shell that carries a tannic fluid at a temperature higher than that inside the thermolysis reactor (1), transmitting the sensible heat of the thermal fluid through the reactor wall into said thermolysis reactor (1).
[12]
12. Process for transferring inorganic materials, NfU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises an additional stage of feeding the thermolysis reactor (1) of at least one recirculated solid from of at least one combustion reactor connected to the thermolysis reactor (1), where the temperature of said recirculated solid is higher than the temperature of the thermolysis reactor (1).
[13]
13. Procedure for transferring Inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises an additional stage of cooling and condensation of the gas stream leaving the thermolysis reactor (1 ) until reaching a temperature equal to or less than 30 ° C-50 ° C, resulting in a liquid stream and a non-condensed gas stream.
[14]
14. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the non-condensed gas stream in the additional cooling and condensation stage is conducted to at least one burner to which a oxidizing agent is fed, the combustion of said non-condensed gas stream being carried out and releasing energy that is used in part or in its entirety to meet the energy needs of the thermolysis reactor (1).
[15]
fifteen. Process for transforming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that when an additional stage of reforming is carried out in at least one refining reactor, the process It also comprises a heat recovery stage in which a flow of technical energy is generated which is used both in the thermolysis reactor (1) and in a steam generation system, which is used in the reforming reactor, and a gas stream that is conducted to a thermal machine in which the combustion of the gas with a oxidizing agent occurs and electricity is generated through an alternator.
[16]
16. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that when an additional combustion stage is carried out in at least one combustion reactor, the process It also comprises a heat recovery stage in which a flow of thermal energy is generated which is used in part in the thermolysis reactor (1) and in part to generate electrical energy by means of a steam cycle.
[17]
17. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises an additional stage of condensation of the gas fraction from the thermolysis reactor (1), prior to a combustion stage where the combustion of the non-condensed gas stream generated in said condensation stage, together with a fraction of the carbonaceous solid stream from the tennolysis reactor (1) and together with at least one stream of solid that acts as a heat transporter C0110.
[18]
18. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a stage of heat transfer in the thermolysis reactor (1) by means of the circulation between the combustion reactor and the tennolysis reactor (1) of a solid stream that is at least at a temperature higher than 30 ° C_50 ° C with respect to the temperature of the thermolysis reactor (1) and that comes into direct contact with the raw material that is being processed in said thermolysis reactor (1).
[19]
19. Procedure for transfommr inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the combustion reactor where the combustion is carried out is made of tluidized bed operated in bubbling or circulating mode.
[20]
twenty. Procedure for transferring llorloric materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the solid that acts as a heat carrier has properties to absorb compounds that possess sulfur, sulfates, sulphides , such as% S and S02, generated in the thermolysis and combustion processes.
2 1. Procedure for transfusing inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the solid that acts as a heat transporter is an inorganic solid.
[22]
22. Procedure for transfommf inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises:
(to) a screw conveyor (20) comprising:
(i) a solid or hollow central shaft (21),
(ii) a system to prevent the escape of gas outwards,
(iii) a set of blades coupled to the central axis (21), and
(iv) a closure system (22) consisting of a circular crown welded to each end of the endless thyme conveyor to prevent the passage of solid material towards the closing systems of the thermolysis reactor located on each linen of the ends of said reactor of thermolysis (I);
(b) an electric motor comprising a reducer and a frequency inverter for driving the rotation of the central shaft (21) of the screw conveyor (20);
(and) an inner casing (17) that envelops the endless thyme conveyor (20), wherein said inner casing (17) comprises: a raw material input element in the upper part,
(i) a raw material outlet element converted in the lower part, an expansion chamber (18) located in the upper part of the inner casing (17) and whose upper end communicates with a technically insulated conduit that joins the thermolysis reactor (I ) with at least one equipment selected from a combustion reactor, a refonation reactor or a condenser; Y
(ii) a closing system of the inner casing (17);
(d) an outer shell that wraps the screw conveyor assembly (20) and inner shell.
[23]
2. 3. Process for transforming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that said outer casing (25) comprises a series of burners in direct contact with the lower surface of the conveyor worm screw (20) for heating.
[24]
24. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it is constituted in a conductive and chemically and mechanically resistant material at high temperatures and corrosive atmospheres.
[25]
25. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the expansion chamber (18) is designed to allow the lateral evacuation of gases at the end End of the screw screw conveyor (20) where the converted raw material output takes place.
[26]
26. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the expansion chamber (18) is designed to penetrate the central gas evacuation, redirection, blocking, storage in secondary housings connected to the plant and patent furnace with and / or without the length of the screw screw conveyor (20).
[27]
27. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that when the central axis of the endless screw conveyor (20) is hollow, said screw conveyor Endless comprises a system to prevent the escape of gas to the outside which in turn comprises:
(i) a fixed tube (31) concentric and insulated with the central axis (21) of the screw and introducing the gas to the hot zone of the tennolysis reactor,
(ii) a closure system (32) comprising a series of seals and seals that connect the central axis of the endless thyme with the fixed tube (31) and
(iii) a chamber (33) to collect the gas escaping from the auger.
[28]
28. Procedure for transfonnar inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a reactor.
[29]
29. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a raw material feed system to the thermolysis reactor (1) comprising a section airtight constituted by at least two hoppers connected to each other through a valve, at least one solid feeder equipment and a gas seal to avoid the reflux of raw material converted into the feed hoppers.
[30]
30 Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the installation where the solid feeder equipment is of the screw-type type whose axis is connected to an electrically powered motor-reducer system equipped with a frequency inverter to regulate its rotation speed and modify the amount of raw material fed to the thermolysis reactor (1).
[31]
31. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the installation further comprises an endless solid-cooling thyme (27) located next to said thermolysis reactor (1) for collecting, moving and cooling. The converted raw material from the thermolysis reactor (1), wherein said solid-cooling auger thyme (27) comprises:
(i) a solid or hollow central shaft,
(ii) a set of blades coupled to the central axis,
(iii) an inner casing (2B) that houses the auger,
(iv) a closure system located at both ends of the screw to prevent the passage of solid material towards the closure systems of each end of the solid-cooling auger thyme (27),
(v) an outer casing (29) that wraps the worm assembly and an inner casing (28) comprising a series of baffle plates (30) located perpendicular to the central axis of the worm and parallel to each other, extending alternately from a from the upper or lower faces of the outer shell (29) towards the opposite, without reaching it, leaving a space alternately located at the top or at the bottom of the inside of the outer shell (29).
[32]
32 Procedure for transferring Inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one additional combustion reactor (9) connected to the thermolysis reactor (1) for the oxidation or combustion of at least one of the effluent streams of the thermolysis reactor (1).
[33]
33. Procedure for transfonting inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one re-molding reactor (5) connected to the thermolysis reactor (1) .
[34]
3. 4. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a condensing equipment (3) located next to the thermolysis reactor (l) to decrease the temperature of the gas stream leaving the thermolysis reactor (1) until a temperature of 50 ° C or less is reached.
[35]
35 Process for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one means for the recirculation to the thermolysis reactor (1) of at least one solid from at least one combustion reactor (11) connected to the thermolysis reactor (1).
[36]
36. Procedure for transforming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it energetically and materially revalued a raw material consisting of the selected organic raw material of waste from a group consisting of polymeric material, fossil fuels, biomass and tires out of use, as well as any of their combinations.
[37]
37. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized by obtaining a combustible gas and a solid valued by means of tennolysis and reforming cycles.
[38]
38. Procedure for transferring llorogámcos materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized by obtaining a combustible gas and a solid that can be recovered through cycles of thermolysis and combustion.
[39]
39. Procedure for transfonnar inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that said valorizable solid is lithium pyrocarbon black.
[40]
40 Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized by obtaining a combustible gas and a valorizable liquid.
[41]
41. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that said valorizable liquid is combustible oil.
[42]
42 Procedure for transferring llorogámcos materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the use and application of alloys, minerals and metals with high heat resistance, thermal waves to be able to withstand temperatures above 1200 ° C-16000C.
[43]
43 Procedure for transfoming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized by having a floating / fixed and / or rotating furnace / reactor without chimney with a consumption of 1 KW-1 MW.
[44]
44. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the heat reduction outside the furnace of 70% -94% «30 ° C / 40 ° C).
[45]
Four. Five. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies through a thermolysis system, according to
[46]
46. Procedure for transferring Inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it incorporates a thermal temperature control system of the process of obtaining crude oil with a consumption of 1 KW-15 KW
[47]
47 Procedure for transfonnar inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the approximate production of 0.3 m39.9 m3 of gas for each full load according to design.
[48]
48. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises: - a sealed feeding system - a first inclined cylinder comprising an endless screw - a gas outlet from the first cylinder - a second horizontal cylinder comprising an endless thyme - a gas outlet from the second cylinder - a storage tank
[49]
49. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the lower part of the sealed feeding system is impregnated with oil.
[50]
fifty. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the first cylinder comprises a hot liquid selected from glycerin, the tire oil itself and combinations of the same.
[51]
51. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the second cylinder is connected to the storage tank by means of a guillotine valve, safety, self-closing / opening .
[52]
52 Process for transfonting inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it is carried out by means of a device described in claims 49 to 52 and comprises at least:
to. Insert pieces of tires in the sealed feeding system
b. immersion of the pieces of tires in the hot liquid of the first cylinder cylinder.
C. Soaking the pieces of tires
d. Start of the depolymerization reaction of the tire pieces
and. Transport of the mass formed in the first trommel to the second trommel.
F. Evaporization and separation of the components in the second trombone.
g. Condensation of the gases obtained and transport of the rest of non-gaseous products to a storage tank where they are cooled.
[53]
53. Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the liquid of the first trommel cylinder is selected from glycerin, the tire oil itself and combinations thereof.
[54]
54 Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the temperature of the liquid of the first trommel cylinder exceeds 2200C-445 ° C and the atmospheric pressure.
[55]
55. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the time in which the pieces of tires are in the first trombone is at least one hour.
[56]
56. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the mass formed in the first trommel is dragged by means of an endless thyme to the second trommel.
[57]
57. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the evaporation temperature of the second trommel is at least 200 ° C_550 ° C and the atmospheric pressure .
[58]
58. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the non-gaseous products are stored in a tank and cooled
[59]
59. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized by the total absence of oxygen inside the first and second colonel.
[60]
60 Procedure for transfommf inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the heating of the first and second trommels is carried out by its external face.
claims previouscharacterizedwhyincorporatesa
oven turning system with motorcycle r single phase- three-phase IKW-7KWto1.5
rpm / 13.5rpm.
6 1. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the heat source comes from a cogeneration exhaust pipe.
[62]
62 Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it is carried out continuously.
[63]
63. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized by the transformation of tires into a product selected from mineral oils, carbon black, steel and combinations of the same.
[64]
64. Procedure for transfommr inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized by having a technical filter system consisting of the final collection / cancellation / entrainment of the particles found in any type of atmosphere and in the environment. Said filter is technically composed of a combination of alloys which, according to their manufacturing and design, manage to technically withstand temperatures higher than 1,200 ° C up to 2,2000C depending on their formulations, said alloys being created and designed with organic products or materials. , inorganic of synthetic origin, composites and including introducing materials of nanotechnological origin into the filter to achieve the purpose of this model, the filtration, retention, cleaning, of any type of harmful or benign substances of the existing atmospheres in the planet.
[65]
65 Procedure to transfer inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in
hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the device has a structure that is of a material, alloy with a special formulation with two-dimensional and three-dimensional properties, which create the possibility of its surface dragging and filter any type of atmosphere, including atmospheres, of natural and industrial origin and even through the compression of gases or gaseous states, through combustion, mechanical, or producer, industrial origin systems, such as plant chimneys techniques, refineries or fumes outlet of transport, aeronautical and naval vehicles.
[66]
66. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the interior perimeter length of at least one of these openings is different from the perimeter length of at least one contiguous opening.
[67]
67. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the material has a density ranging from 2.8 g / cm3 to about 19.5 g / cm3.
[68]
68. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies through a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the sheet has a compression field not exceeding 18% (eight percent).
[69]
69. Process for transforming inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a sheet of perforated material called a sheet of material, to which at least one arc of a plurality of polygonal openings, of which at least one is irregular with respect to at least one continuous polygonal opening and having physical characteristics comprising a surface area per unit volume of application of about at least 3,200 ( Three thousand two hundred times) the fluid contact surface
flammables found in a container container and a heat conductivity.d
of at least about 0.021 Cal / cm-sec.
[70]
70. Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, Nf U, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the occupation of the volume of said deposit does not exceed 1.5% of the capacity. Weighing less than 35 grams per liter of the tank / vessel protected by the alloy body.
[71]
71. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the option of being able to engage, link this invention directly from the system of smoke exits of the industries in issue without finally passing through the chimney, being able to carry out the gas escape directly and thus saving the last section and processing with recycling in a way and way even faster and more efficiently.
[72]
72. Procedure to transform inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it can use a "bypass" system to be able to choose when it is required to evacuate through the already operational system of a production plant and thus being able to choose the exit path, evacuation of gases, fumes, vapors according to the product being manufactured which may or may not have to be polluting or even considering the use of the "bypass" to be able to repair , maintain which one you want of the two operating models and thus achieving a maximum and full industrial and productive performance by having two types and system of exits, evacuation, expulsion of fumes, gases, vapors, etc.
[73]
73 Procedure to transfominate inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the weight of the alloy does not exceed 0.33 grams per liter and can intermingle in its formulation and / or composition a wide variety of metals, minerals to be able to overcome the technical requirements of the exhaust system, expulsion, evacuation of gases, vapors, polluting and / or non-polluting fumes.
[74]
74. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the apparent area of the duct section in the structure is reduced with respect to the section area of the duct outside the structure.
[75]
75. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that at least the sheets create a laminar base with openings applied within materials.
[76]
76 Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that at least one structure is made of thermal conductive material.
[77]
77. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that at least one structure is made of metallic and / or mining material l.
[78]
78. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that at least one panel is constituted by an expanded metal sheet.
[79]
79. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that it incorporates a wave suppressor design for a conduit of heat carrier fluid.
[80]
80. Procedure for transfonting materials 1Il0rgámcos, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the openings of the panels of each structure are irregular, so that it allows reducing or avoiding the caking between facing panels of said structure.
8 1. Procedure for transfommf inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that depending on the position of the filter structure it has properties that allow reducing, cancel, suppress any type of static charge and / or electromagnetic charge in said filter OR where the filter is located, achieving a filter system without static charges, and therefore high security.
[82]
82. Procedure for transferring inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil in hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energies by means of a thermolysis system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the openings of the panels being structured in dimensional and three-dimensional form manage to create a very large expansion high in extended alloys format, with properties of cancellation of static charges.

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ES2543366B1|2016-05-25|

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ES1090480U|2013-08-09|2013-10-02|Technokontrol-Cat Global, Sl|System for increasing fluid velocity through a system of valves to increase thrust, evacuation, expulsion, movement of flow, air, gases, liquids. |CN113553716A|2021-07-27|2021-10-26|中国人民解放军国防科技大学|Design method of multilayer fixed high-temperature fuel gas channel|

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ES201430201A|ES2543366B1|2014-02-15|2014-02-15|Procedure to transform inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energy through a thermolysis system|ES201430201A| ES2543366B1|2014-02-15|2014-02-15|Procedure to transform inorganic materials, NFU, crude oil into hydrocarbons and / or clean renewable energy through a thermolysis system|